Dimmable screw-in compact fluorescent lamp having integral electronic ballast circuit

A dimmable ballast circuit for a fluorescent lamp comprising:

• a bus-voltage-generating circuit receiving an input from an AC voltage supply and producing a DC bus voltage characterized by a low-frequency voltage ripple;
• an artificial load circuit coupled to said AC voltage supply to ensure that adequate current is drawn from said AC voltage supply to enable a semiconductor switch of a dimmer circuit supplying said AC voltage supply to latch on and stay on;
• an inverter circuit receiving said DC bus voltage and generating a variable frequency square-wave output signal, said inverter circuit having a control input provided with a drive control signal that determines the frequency of operation of said inverter circuit and thus the frequency of said square-wave output signal;
• an output filter circuit receiving said square wave output signal and generating a substantially sinusoidal lamp current through said lamp at said frequency;
• and
• a control circuit producing said drive control signal provided at said control input of said inverter circuit to control the frequency of said square-wave output signal and thus the intensity level of said lamp, said control circuit receiving a first signal related to a target intensity level of said lamp and a second signal related to the actual intensity level of said lamp, said control circuit comprising an error amplifier circuit for comparing said first and second signals to produce said drive control signal to cause said inverter circuit to operate at a frequency to illuminate said lamp at said target intensity level;
• wherein said bus-voltage-generating circuit produces said DC bus voltage to define an envelope for said sinusoidal lamp current, and said error amplifier circuit operates in a frequency range such that said error amplifier circuit is responsive to said second signal at the frequency of said second signal thereby to adjust the frequency of operation of said inverter circuit to reduce variation in said envelope of said sinusoidal lamp current.

A dimmable ballast circuit for a fluorescent lamp comprising:

• a bus-voltage-generating circuit receiving an input from an AC voltage supply and producing a DC bus voltage characterized by a low-frequency voltage ripple;
• an inverter circuit receiving said DC bus voltage and generating a variable frequency square-wave output signal, said inverter circuit having a control input provided with a drive control signal that determines the frequency of operation of said inverter circuit and thus the frequency of said square-wave output signal;
• an output filter circuit receiving said square wave output signal and generating a substantially sinusoidal lamp current through said lamp at said frequency;
• a control circuit producing said drive control signal provided at said control input of said inverter circuit to control the frequency of said square-wave output signal and thus the intensity level of said lamp, said control circuit receiving a first signal related to a target intensity level of said lamp and a second signal related to the actual intensity level of said lamp, said control circuit comprising an error amplifier circuit for comparing said first and second signals to produce said drive control signal to cause said inverter circuit to operate at a frequency to illuminate said lamp at said target intensity level;
• and
• a first power supply for said inverter circuit and a second power supply for said control circuit, wherein said first power supply receives a voltage from said bus-voltage-generating circuit and said second power supply receives an electromagnetically-coupled voltage from an inductor of said output filter circuit;
• wherein said bus-voltage-generating circuit produces said DC bus voltage to define an envelope for said sinusoidal lamp current, and said error amplifier circuit operates in a frequency range such that said error amplifier circuit is responsive to said second signal at the frequency of said second signal thereby to adjust the frequency of operation of said inverter circuit to reduce variation in said envelope of said sinusoidal lamp current.

A dimmable ballast circuit for a fluorescent lamp comprising:

• a bus-voltage-generating circuit receiving an input from an AC voltage supply and producing a DC bus voltage characterized by a low-frequency voltage ripple;
• an inverter circuit receiving said DC bus voltage and generating a variable frequency square-wave output signal, said inverter circuit having a control input provided with a drive control signal that determines the frequency of operation of said inverter circuit and thus the frequency of said square-wave output signal;
• an output filter circuit receiving said square wave output signal and generating a substantially sinusoidal lamp current through said lamp at said frequency;
• and
• a control circuit producing said drive control signal provided at said control input of said inverter circuit to control the frequency of said square-wave output signal and thus the intensity level of said lamp, said control circuit receiving a first signal related to a target intensity level of said lamp and a second signal related to the actual intensity level of said lamp, said control circuit comprising an error amplifier circuit for comparing said first and second signals to produce said drive control signal to cause said inverter circuit to operate at a frequency to illuminate said lamp at said target intensity level;
• wherein said bus-voltage-generating circuit produces said DC bus voltage to define an envelope for said sinusoidal lamp current, and said error amplifier circuit operates in a frequency range such that said error amplifier circuit is responsive to said second signal at the frequency of said second signal thereby to adjust the frequency of operation of said inverter circuit to reduce variation in said envelope of said sinusoidal lamp current, said error amplifier circuit operating to spread the frequency of operation of said inverter circuit at a set intensity level of said lamp into a spread spectrum of frequencies thereby to reduce the time average of peaks of said spectrum of frequencies and reduce peak EMI levels.

A dimmable ballast circuit for a fluorescent lamp comprising:

• a bus-voltage-generating circuit receiving an input from an AC voltage supply and producing a DC bus voltage characterized by a low-frequency voltage ripple;
• an inverter circuit receiving said DC bus voltage and generating a variable frequency square-wave output signal, said inverter circuit having a control input provided with a drive control signal that determines the frequency of operation of said inverter circuit and thus the frequency of said square-wave output signal;
• an output filter circuit receiving said square wave output signal and generating a substantially sinusoidal lamp current through said lamp at said frequency;
• an overvoltage protection circuit coupled to said lamp for turning off said inverter circuit if an overvoltage is developed across said lamp;
• and
• a control circuit producing said drive control signal provided at said control input of said inverter circuit to control the frequency of said square-wave output signal and thus the intensity level of said lamp, said control circuit receiving a first signal related to a target intensity level of said lamp and a second signal related to the actual intensity level of said lamp, said control circuit comprising an error amplifier circuit for comparing said first and second signals to produce said drive control signal to cause said inverter circuit to operate at a frequency to illuminate said lamp at said target intensity level;
• wherein said bus-voltage-generating circuit produces said DC bus voltage to define an envelope for said sinusoidal lamp current, and said error amplifier circuit operates in a frequency range such that said error amplifier circuit is responsive to said second signal at the frequency of said second signal thereby to adjust the frequency of operation of said inverter circuit to reduce variation in said envelope of said sinusoidal lamp current.

A dimmable ballast circuit for a fluorescent lamp comprising:

• a bus-voltage-generating circuit comprising a voltage doubler receiving an input from an AC voltage supply and producing a DC bus voltage characterized by a low-frequency voltage ripple;
• an inverter circuit receiving said DC bus voltage and generating a variable frequency square-wave output signal, said inverter circuit having a control input provided with a drive control signal that determines the frequency of operation of said inverter circuit and thus the frequency of said square-wave output signal;
• an output filter circuit receiving said square wave output signal and generating a substantially sinusoidal lamp current through said lamp at said frequency;
• a control circuit producing said drive control signal provided at said control input of said inverter circuit to control the frequency of said square-wave output signal and thus the intensity level of said lamp, said control circuit receiving a first signal related to a target intensity level of said lamp and a second signal related to the actual intensity level of said lamp, said control circuit comprising an error amplifier circuit for comparing said first and second signals to produce said drive control signal to cause said inverter circuit to operate at a frequency to illuminate said lamp at said target intensity level;
• wherein said bus-voltage-generating circuit produces said DC bus voltage to define an envelope for said sinusoidal lamp current, and said error amplifier circuit operates in a frequency range such that said error amplifier circuit is responsive to said second signal at the frequency of said second signal thereby to adjust the frequency of operation of said inverter circuit to reduce variation in said envelope of said sinusoidal lamp current, said error amplifier circuit reducing variation in said envelope caused by differences in peaks of said DC bus voltage generated by said voltage doubler.

A dimmable fluorescent lamp adapted to receive a phase-control voltage from a dimmer switch, said dimmable compact fluorescent lamp comprising:

• a fluorescent lamp tube;
• and
• an electronic ballast circuit for receiving said phase-control voltage from said dimmer switch and illuminating said lamp tube in response to said phase-control voltage, said ballast circuit comprising an inverter circuit for generating a variable frequency square-wave output signal from a DC bus voltage and an output filter circuit receiving said square wave output signal and generating a substantially sinusoidal lamp current through said lamp tube at said frequency, said electronic ballast circuit further comprising a control circuit for producing a drive control signal that is provided to a control input of said inverter circuit to control the frequency of said square-wave output signal and thus the intensity level of said lamp tube, said control circuit receiving a first signal related to a target intensity level of said lamp tube, said ballast circuit further comprising a non-linear amplifier circuit for amplifying a second signal related to the actual intensity level of said lamp tube to generate an amplified signal, said control circuit comprising an error amplifier circuit for comparing said first signal and said amplified signal to produce said drive control signal to cause said inverter circuit to operate at a frequency to illuminate said lamp tube at said target intensity level;
• wherein for first values of lamp current below a current threshold, said non-linear amplifier circuit amplifies said second signal by a first amount and for second values of lamp current above said current threshold, said non-linear amplifier circuit amplifies said second signal by a second, smaller amount, thereby increasing responsiveness of said error amplifier circuit to changes in lamp intensity levels at low lamp intensity levels;
• and
• wherein said DC bus voltage defines an envelope for said sinusoidal lamp current, and said error amplifier circuit operates in a frequency range such that said error amplifier circuit is responsive to said amplified signal at the frequency of said amplified signal thereby to adjust the frequency of operation of said inverter circuit to reduce variation in said envelope of said sinusoidal lamp current.

A dimmable fluorescent lamp adapted to receive a phase-control voltage from a dimmer switch, said phase-control voltage characterized by a duty cycle defining a target intensity level of said lamp, said duty cycle of said phase-control voltage being set by a dimmer switch that operates according to either a forward phase-control method or reverse phase-control method, said dimmable compact fluorescent lamp comprising:

• a fluorescent lamp tube;
• and
• an electronic ballast circuit for receiving said phase-control voltage from said dimmer switch and illuminating said lamp tube in response to said phase-control voltage, said ballast circuit comprising an inverter circuit for generating a variable frequency square-wave output signal from a DC bus voltage and an output filter circuit receiving said square wave output signal and generating a substantially sinusoidal lamp current through said lamp tube at said frequency, said electronic ballast circuit further comprising a control circuit for producing a drive control signal that is provided to a control input of said inverter circuit to control the frequency of said square-wave output signal and thus the intensity level of said lamp tube, said control circuit receiving a first signal related to said target intensity level of said lamp tube and a second signal related to the actual intensity level of said lamp tube, said control circuit comprising an error amplifier circuit for comparing said first and second signals to produce said drive control signal to cause said inverter circuit to operate at a frequency to illuminate said lamp tube at said target intensity level, said ballast circuit further comprising a phase-control-voltage converter circuit for converting said phase-control voltage into said first signal provided to said error amplifier circuit, said phase-control-voltage converter circuit operating such that changes in said duty cycle of said phase-control voltage that are below a threshold amount are filtered out by said phase-control-voltage converter circuit, and intentional changes in said duty cycle of said phase-control voltage are reflected in changes in said target intensity level and thereby the intensity level of said lamp tube;
• wherein said DC bus voltage defines an envelope for said sinusoidal lamp current, and said error amplifier circuit operates in a frequency range such that said error amplifier circuit is responsive to said second signal at the frequency of said second signal thereby to adjust the frequency of operation of said inverter circuit to reduce variation in said envelope of said sinusoidal lamp current.

A dimmable fluorescent lamp adapted to receive a phase-control voltage from a dimmer switch, said dimmable compact fluorescent lamp comprising:

• a fluorescent lamp tube filled with a fill-gas mixture having a pressure of approximately 2 Torr and a fill-gas ratio of approximately 85:15 argon to neon;
• and
• an electronic ballast circuit for receiving said phase-control voltage from said dimmer switch and illuminating said lamp tube in response to said phase-control voltage, said ballast circuit comprising an inverter circuit for generating a variable frequency square-wave output signal from a DC bus voltage and an output filter circuit receiving said square wave output signal and generating a substantially sinusoidal lamp current through said lamp tube at said frequency, said electronic ballast circuit further comprising a control circuit for producing a drive control signal that is provided to a control input of said inverter circuit to control the frequency of said square-wave output signal and thus the intensity level of said lamp tube, said control circuit receiving a first signal related to a target intensity level of said lamp tube and a second signal related to the actual intensity level of said lamp tube, said control circuit comprising an error amplifier circuit for comparing said first and second signals to produce said drive control signal to cause said inverter circuit to operate at a frequency to illuminate said lamp tube at said target intensity level;
• wherein said DC bus voltage defines an envelope for said sinusoidal lamp current, and said error amplifier circuit operates in a frequency range such that said error amplifier circuit is responsive to said second signal at the frequency of said second signal thereby to adjust the frequency of operation of said inverter circuit to reduce variation in said envelope of said sinusoidal lamp current.

A dimmable fluorescent lamp adapted to receive a phase-control voltage from a dimmer switch, said dimmable compact fluorescent lamp comprising:

• a fluorescent lamp tube;
• and
• an electronic ballast circuit for receiving said phase-control voltage from said dimmer switch and illuminating said lamp tube in response to said phase-control voltage, said ballast circuit comprising an inverter circuit for generating a variable frequency square-wave output signal from a DC bus voltage and an output filter circuit receiving said square wave output signal and generating a substantially sinusoidal lamp current through said lamp tube at said frequency, said electronic ballast circuit further comprising a control circuit for producing a drive control signal that is provided to a control input of said inverter circuit to control the frequency of said square-wave output signal and thus the intensity level of said lamp tube, said control circuit receiving a first signal related to a target intensity level of said lamp tube and a second signal related to the actual intensity level of said lamp tube, said control circuit comprising an error amplifier circuit for comparing said first and second signals to produce said drive control signal to cause said inverter circuit to operate at a frequency to illuminate said lamp tube at said target intensity level;
• wherein said DC bus voltage defines an envelope for said sinusoidal lamp current, and said error amplifier circuit operates in a frequency range such that said error amplifier circuit is responsive to said second signal at the frequency of said second signal thereby to adjust the frequency of operation of said inverter circuit to reduce variation in said envelope of said sinusoidal lamp current, said error amplifier circuit operating to spread the frequency of operation of said inverter circuit at a set intensity level of said lamp tube into a spread spectrum of frequencies thereby to reduce the time average of peaks of said spectrum of frequencies and reduce peak EMI levels.

A lighting control system receiving power from an AC power source, said lighting control system comprising:

• a dimmable compact fluorescent lamp comprising a fluorescent lamp tube and an electronic ballast circuit for illuminating said lamp tube;
• and
• a dimmer switch adapted to be coupled in series electrical connection between said AC power source and said dimmable compact fluorescent lamp for generating a phase-control voltage characterized by a duty cycle defining a target intensity level of said lamp tube of said dimmable compact fluorescent lamp;
• wherein said electronic ballast circuit receives said phase-control voltage and illuminates said lamp tube in response to said phase-control voltage, said ballast circuit comprising an inverter circuit for generating a variable frequency square-wave output signal from a DC bus voltage and an output filter circuit receiving said square-wave output signal and generating a substantially sinusoidal lamp current through said lamp tube at said frequency, said electronic ballast circuit further comprising a control circuit for producing a drive control signal that is provided to a control input of said inverter circuit to control the frequency of said square-wave output signal and thus the intensity level of said lamp tube;
• and
• wherein said DC bus voltage defines an envelope for said sinusoidal lamp current, and said control circuit operates in a frequency range such that said control circuit adjusts the frequency of operation of said inverter circuit to reduce variation in said envelope of said sinusoidal lamp current, said control circuit operating to spread the frequency of operation of said inverter circuit at a set intensity level of said lamp tube into a spread spectrum of frequencies thereby to reduce the time average of peaks of said spectrum of frequencies and reduce peak EMI levels.

A lighting control system receiving power from an AC power source, said lighting control system comprising:

• a dimmable compact fluorescent lamp comprising a fluorescent lamp tube and an electronic ballast circuit for illuminating said lamp tube;
• and
• a dimmer switch adapted to be coupled in series electrical connection between said AC power source and said dimmable compact fluorescent lamp for generating a phase-control voltage characterized by a duty cycle defining a target intensity level of said lamp tube of said dimmable compact fluorescent lamp, said dimmer switch comprising a semiconductor switch adapted to be coupled in series electrical connection between said AC power source and said dimmable compact fluorescent lamp and to be rendered conductive and non-conductive for generating said phase-control voltage;
• wherein said electronic ballast circuit receives said phase-control voltage and illuminates said lamp tube in response to said phase-control voltage, said ballast circuit comprising an inverter circuit for generating a variable frequency square-wave output signal from a DC bus voltage and an output filter circuit receiving said square-wave output signal and generating a substantially sinusoidal lamp current through said lamp tube at said frequency, said electronic ballast circuit further comprising a control circuit for producing a drive control signal that is provided to a control input of said inverter circuit to control the frequency of said square-wave output signal and thus the intensity level of said lamp tube, said electronic ballast circuit further comprising an artificial load circuit coupled to said AC power source to ensure that adequate current is drawn from said AC power source to enable said semiconductor switch of said dimmer switch to latch on and remain conductive;
• and
• wherein said DC bus voltage defines an envelope for said sinusoidal lamp current, and said control circuit operates in a frequency range such that said control circuit adjusts the frequency of operation of said inverter circuit to reduce variation in said envelope of said sinusoidal lamp current.

A dimmable ballast circuit for a fluorescent lamp comprising:

• an inverter circuit generating a variable frequency square-wave output signal, said inverter circuit having a control input provided with a drive control signal that determines the frequency of operation of said inverter circuit and thus the frequency of said square-wave output signal;
• an output filter circuit receiving said square wave output signal and generating a substantially sinusoidal lamp current through said lamp at said frequency;
• a non-linear amplifier circuit amplifying a lamp-current-feedback signal representative of the magnitude of said lamp current through said lamp;
• and
• a control circuit producing said drive control signal provided at said control input of said inverter circuit to control the frequency of said square-wave output signal and thus the intensity level of said lamp, said control circuit receiving a target-intensity signal related to a target intensity level of said lamp, said control circuit comparing said target-intensity signal and said lamp-current-feedback signal to produce said drive control signal, said control circuit operating at a bandwidth greater than approximately 10 kHz to cause said inverter circuit to operate at a frequency in order to illuminate said lamp at said target intensity level;
• wherein, for first values of said lamp current that are below a current threshold, said lamp-current-feedback signal is amplified by a first amount, and for second values of said lamp current that are above said current threshold, said lamp-current-feedback signal is amplified by a second, smaller amount, thereby increasing responsiveness of said control circuit to changes in lamp intensity levels at low lamp intensity levels.

A dimmable compact fluorescent lamp adapted to receive a phase-control voltage from a dimmer switch, said dimmable fluorescent lamp comprising:

• a fluorescent lamp tube filled with a fill-gas mixture having a pressure of approximately 2 Torr and a fill-gas ratio of approximately 85:15 argon to neon;
• and
• an electronic ballast circuit for receiving said phase-control voltage from said dimmer switch and illuminating said lamp tube in response to said phase-control voltage, said ballast circuit comprising an inverter circuit for generating a variable frequency square-wave output signal and an output filter circuit for receiving said square wave output signal and generating a substantially sinusoidal lamp current through said lamp tube at said frequency, said electronic ballast circuit further comprising a control circuit for producing a drive control signal that is provided to a control input of said inverter circuit to control the frequency of said square-wave output signal and thus the intensity level of said lamp tube, said control circuit receiving a first signal related to a target intensity level of said lamp tube and a second signal related to the actual intensity level of said lamp tube, and comparing said first and second signals to produce said drive control signal;
• wherein said control circuit operates at a bandwidth greater than approximately 10 kHz to cause said inverter circuit to operate at a frequency in order to illuminate said lamp tube at said target intensity level.