Method for manufacturing light-emitting element, light-emitting element, Light-emitting device, lighting device, and electronic appliance

A light-emitting device comprising:

• a first electrode including aluminum and nickel over a substrate;
• a layer including a composite material in which a metal oxide is contained in an organic compound, which is contact with the first electrode;
• a light-emitting layer over the layer including the composite material;
• and
• a second electrode which has a light-transmitting property over the light-emitting layer,
• wherein the nickel is precipitated in a vicinity of an interface between the first electrode and the layer including the composite material, and
• wherein the first electrode has a light reflectivity of 80% or more with a wavelength of equal to or greater than 400 nm and equal to or less than 800 nm.

An electronic appliance comprising:

• a first electrode including aluminum and nickel over a substrate;
• a layer including a composite material in which a metal oxide is contained in an organic compound, which is contact with the first electrode;
• a light-emitting layer over the layer including the composite material;
• and
• a second electrode which has a light-transmitting property over the light-emitting layer,
• wherein the nickel is precipitated in a vicinity of an interface between the first electrode and the layer including the composite material, and
• wherein the first electrode has a light reflectivity of 80% or more with a wavelength of equal to or greater than 400 nm and equal to or less than 800 nm.