Apparatus and methods for electrostatically producing dye-printed material

A printing apparatus, comprising:

• a base material conveying unit that conveys a base material;
• an electrostatic holding unit that electrostatically holds, on a charged body, at least one type of charged dry toner containing a dye component and a binder resin;
• an electrode arranged through the base material conveying unit and the base material, the electrode providing a gap between the dry toner on the charged body and the base material;
• a transfer unit that transfers the dry toner held on the charged body to the base material conveyed by the base material conveying unit, the transfer unit having a high-voltage power supply that applies a high voltage to the electrode to generate an electric field strong enough to fly the charged dry toner on the charged body from the charged body to the base material;
• and
• a fixing unit that is arranged on the downstream of the transfer unit on the base material conveying unit and that fixes the transferred dry toner to the base material,
• wherein the high voltage is not less than 85% of y, and not more than 160% of y, and
• wherein x [mm] is a distance between the charged body and the electrode, and y=1.45x+1.68 [kV].