Developing member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

A developing member comprising an electroconductive substrate, an elastic layer formed on the substrate, and a surface layer which covers a surface of the elastic layer, wherein

• the surface layer comprises a first resin, a second resin, and an electronically conductive filler,
• the first resin has,
• between two adjacent urethane linkages,
• a structure represented by the following structural formula (1), and
• one or both of structures selected from a structure represented by the following structural formula (2) and a structure represented by the following structural formula (3), and
• the second resin has
• a structure represented by the following structural formula (4), and
• one or both of structures selected from a structure represented by the following structural formula (5) and a structure represented by the following structural formula (6):
• where R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R2 represents a straight chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
• where R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a straight chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
• and
• where R4 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R5 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R6 represents a hydrogen atom or a straight chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.