Methods and systems for estimating angle of arrival

A system for estimating an angle of arrival, comprising:

• a snapshot determining module configured to receive a signal from each antenna of an antenna array and to generate a snapshot vector including values based on the signals, wherein each signal is representative of an electromagnetic signal incident on a respective antenna of the antenna array, wherein each value is representative of a phase delay of a respective signal, and wherein the snapshot determining module comprises:
• a joint estimator configured to estimate a modulation index and a frequency offset of the electromagnetic signal based on a phase of the electromagnetic signal and a bit pattern of a first portion of each of the signals;
• and
• a derotator configured to, based on the estimated modulation index and the estimated frequency offset, derotate a second portion of each of the signals to generate each of the values;
• and
• an angle of arrival processing module configured to estimate an angle of arrival for the electromagnetic signal relative to the antenna array based on the snapshot vector.