Nonaqueous electrolyte solvents and additives

A nonaqueous electrolyte solution comprising:

• at least one lithium salt;
• and
• a solvent system mixed with said at least one lithium salt, said solvent system comprising:
• at least one polar and aprotic organic molecule acting as a solvent or additive, said polar and aprotic organic molecule comprising at least one unsaturated functionality per molecule conjugated with a polar functionality of said molecule, wherein said at least one unsaturated functionality comprises a double bond or a triple bond between a carbon-carbon chain, a carbon-heteroatom chain, or a hetroatom-heteroatom chain;
• at least one cyclic carbonic diester;
• and
• at least one acyclic carbonic diester;
• wherein said polar and aprotic organic molecule is an unsaturated molecule comprising the following structure (1) or structure (2):
• wherein R1-3 are saturated substituents selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C10 normal alkyls, C3-C10 branched alkyls, halogen radicals, alkoxyls, thioalkoxyls, and aromatic radicals, or unsaturated substituents selected from the radicals in the following structures (9) through (11):
• wherein R4-6 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C10 normal alkyls, C3-C10 branched alkyls, halogen radicals, alkoxyls, thioalkoxyls, and aromatic radicals;
• wherein said unsaturated molecule comprises at least one unsaturated substituent selected from the group consisting of structure (9), structure (10) and structure (11);
• wherein X is carbonyl, thionyl, or sulfonyl;
• wherein Y is phosphinyl or phosphoryl;
• wherein i, j, and k are integers independent from each other and range from 0 to 1;
• wherein l, m, and n are integers independent from each other and range from 0 to 2, respectively;
• and
• wherein q is 1 or 2 when R1 is the unsaturated substituent having the structure (9), and wherein q is an integer and ranges from 0 to 2 when R1 is a saturated substituent or an unsaturated substituent having the structure (10) or (11);
• and
• wherein r is 1 or 2 when R2 is the unsaturated substituent having the structure (9), and wherein r is an integer and ranges from 0 to 2 when R2 is a saturated substituent or an unsaturated substituent having the structure (10) or (11);
• and
• wherein said solvent system comprises at least one said unsaturated molecule of structure (1) or structure (2), wherein X is sulfonyl and Y is phosphoryl, and wherein i, j, k, l, m and n equal zero.

A method of forming an electrolyte solution, said method comprising:

• providing at least one lithium salt;
• and
• mixing a solvent system with said at least one lithium salt, said solvent system comprising:
• at least one polar and aprotic organic molecule acting as a solvent or additive, said polar and aprotic organic molecule comprising at least one unsaturated functionality per molecule that is conjugated with a polar functionality of said molecule, wherein said at least one unsaturated functionality comprises a double bond or a triple bond between a carbon-carbon chain, a carbon-heteroatom chain, or a hetroatom-heteroatom chain;
• at least one cyclic carbonic diester;
• and
• at least one acyclic carbonic diester;
• wherein said polar and aprotic organic molecule is an unsaturated molecule selected from the group consisting of methylallyl sulfone, methylpropargyl sulfone, methylallenic sulfone, methylacetylenic sulfone, and thiophene-1-oxide.