# US 8,788,919 B2 · Convolutional turbo coding method and device for implementing the coding method

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- Number: US 8,788,919 B2
- Document ID: US8788919B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 12/647,866
- Filed: 2009-12-28
- Published: 2010-07-01
- Granted: 2014-07-22
- Earliest claimed: 2008-12-26
- Assignees: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
- Applicants: Zheng Zhao; Seung-Hoon Choi; Sung-Eun Park; Chi-Woo Lim
- Inventors: Zheng Zhao; Seung-Hoon Choi; Sung-Eun Park; Chi-Woo Lim
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8788919B2

## CPC

- H04L 27/34: Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
- H03M 13/258: {with turbo codes, e.g. Turbo Trellis Coded Modulation [TTCM]}
- H03M 13/27: using interleaving techniques
- H03M 13/296: {Particular turbo code structure}
- H03M 13/3988: {for rate k/n convolutional codes, with k>1, obtained by convolutional encoders with k inputs and n outputs}
- H03M 13/6362: {by puncturing}
- H03M 13/6544: {IEEE 802.16 (WIMAX and broadband wireless access)}
- H04L 1/006: {Trellis-coded modulation}
- H04L 1/0066: {Parallel concatenated codes}
- H04L 1/0071: {Use of interleaving (interleaving per se H03M13/27)}
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)
- H03M: CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL (using fluidic means F15C4/00; optical analogue/digital converters G02F7/00; coding, decoding or code conversion, specially adapted for particular applications, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. G01D, G01R, G06F, G06T, G09G, G10L, G11B, G11C, H04B, H04L, H04M, H04N; ciphering or deciphering for cryptography or other purposes involving the need for secrecy G09C)

## Abstract

A method and apparatus for Convolutional Turbo Coding (CTC), and an apparatus for a turbo encoder are provided. The method for CTC includes the steps of encoding information bits A and B using a constituent encoder, and outputting parity sequences Y1 and W1, interleaving the information bits A and B using a CTC interleaver to obtain information bits C and D, and encoding the interleaved information bits C and D using the constituent encoder to obtain parity sequences Y2 and W2, interleaving the information bits A and B, the parity sequences Y1 and W1 and the parity sequences Y2 and W2, respectively, wherein the bits in at least one of a bit group constituted of the information bits A and B, a bit group constituted of the sequences Y1 and W1, and a bit group constituted of the sequences Y2 and W2 are alternately mapped to bits of constellation points with high reliability and low reliability and puncturing the interleaving result to obtain the encoded bit sequences.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A coding method comprising:
a) interleaving information bits A and B using a Convolutional Turbo Coding (CTC) interleaver and outputting interleaved information bits C and D, respectively
b) encoding the information bits A and B and the interleaved information bits C and D using a constituent encoder and outputting parity sequences Y1, W1, Y2 and W2, respectively;
c) interleaving the information bits A and B, the parity sequences Y1 and Y2 and the parity sequences W2 and W1, respectively; and
d) outputting:
an interleaved information subblock A,
an interleaved information subblock B,
a bit-by-bit multiplexed sequence of interleaved Y1 and Y2 subblock sequences, wherein the bit-by-bit multiplexed sequence of the interleaved Y1 and Y2 subblock sequences comprises a first output bit from a Y1 subblock interleaver, a first output bit from a Y2 subblock interleaver, a second output bit from the Y1 subblock interleaver, and a second output bit from the Y2 subblock interleaver in order, and
a bit-by-bit multiplexed sequence of interleaved W2 and W1 subblock sequences, wherein the bit-by-bit multiplexed sequence of the interleaved W2 and W1 subblock sequences comprises a first output bit from a W2 subblock interleaver, a first output bit from a W1 subblock interleaver, a second output bit from the W2 subblock interleaver and a second output bit from the W1 subblock interleaver in order.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1,
wherein, from among a group of two corresponding bits, a corresponding bit of the interleaved W2 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with low reliability, if a corresponding bit of the interleaved Y2 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with high reliability,
wherein, from among a group of two corresponding bits, a corresponding bit of the interleaved W2 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with high reliability, if a corresponding bit of the interleaved Y2 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with low reliability,
wherein, from among a group of two corresponding bits, a corresponding bit of the interleaved W1 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with low reliability, if a corresponding bit of the interleaved Y1 subblock is mapped to a bit of constellation point with high reliability, and
wherein, from among a group of two corresponding bits, a corresponding bit of the interleaved W1 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with high reliability, if a corresponding bit of the interleaved Y1 subblock is mapped to a bit of constellation point with low reliability.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein an interleaved information subblocks A and B are by-passed while parity sequences are multiplexed bit by bit.

### Claim 4

An apparatus comprising:
a Convolutional Turbo Coding (CTC) interleaver configured to interleave information bits A and B and to output interleaved information bits C and D, respectively;
a constituent encoder configured to encode the information bits A and B and the interleaved information bits C and D and to output parity sequences Y1, W1, Y2 and W2, respectively; and
a plurality of interleavers configured to interleave the information bits A and B, the parity sequences Y1 and Y2 and the parity sequences W2 and W1, respectively, and to output:
an interleaved information subblock A,
an interleaved information subblock B,
a bit-by-bit multiplexed sequence of interleaved Y1 and Y2 subblock sequences, wherein the bit-by-bit multiplexed sequence of the interleaved Y1 and Y2 subblock sequences comprises a first output bit from a Y1 subblock interleaver, a first output bit from a Y2 subblock interleaver, a second output bit from the Y1 subblock interleaver, and a second output bit from the Y2 subblock interleaver in order, and
a bit-by-bit multiplexed sequence of interleaved W2 and W1 subblock sequences, wherein the bit-by-bit multiplexed sequence of the interleaved W2 and W1 subblock sequences comprises a first output bit from a W2 subblock interleaver, a first output bit from a W1 subblock interleaver, a second output bit from the W2 subblock interleaver and a second output bit from the W1 subblock interleaver in order.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein, from among a group of two corresponding bits, a corresponding bit of the interleaved W2 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with low reliability, if a corresponding bit of the interleaved Y2 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with high reliability,
wherein, from among a group of two corresponding bits, a corresponding bit of the interleaved W2 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with high reliability, if a corresponding bit of the interleaved Y2 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with low reliability,
wherein, from among a group of two corresponding bits, a corresponding bit of the interleaved W1 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with low reliability, if a corresponding bit of the interleaved Y1 subblock is mapped to a bit of constellation point with high reliability, and
wherein, from among a group of two corresponding bits, a corresponding bit of the interleaved W1 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with high reliability, if a corresponding bit of the interleaved Y1 subblock is mapped to a bit of constellation point with low reliability.

### Claim 6 (depends on 4)

The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein an interleaved information subblocks A and B are by-passed while parity sequences are multiplexed bit by bit.

### Claim 7

An apparatus comprising:
a plurality of subblock interleavers configured to receive an information subblock A, an information subblock B, a parity sequence of a Y1 subblock, a parity sequence of a Y2 subblock, a parity sequence of a W2 subblock and a parity sequence of a W1 subblock, and to output:
an interleaved information subblock A,
an interleaved information subblock B,
a bit-by-bit multiplexed sequence of interleaved Y1 and Y2 subblock sequences, wherein the bit-by-bit multiplexed sequence of the interleaved Y1 and Y2 subblock sequences comprises a first output bit from a Y1 subblock interleaver, a first output bit from a Y2 subblock interleaver, a second output bit from the Y1 subblock interleaver, and a second output bit from the Y2 subblock interleaver in order, and
a bit-by-bit multiplexed sequence of interleaved W2 and W1 subblock sequences, wherein the bit-by-bit multiplexed sequence of the interleaved W2 and W1 subblock sequences comprises a first output bit from a W2 subblock interleaver, a first output bit from a W1 subblock interleaver, a second output bit from the W2 subblock interleaver, and a second output bit from the W1 subblock interleaver in order.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The apparatus according to claim 7,
wherein, from among a group of two corresponding bits, a corresponding bit of the interleaved W2 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with low reliability, if a corresponding bit of the interleaved Y2 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with high reliability,
wherein, from among a group of two corresponding bits, a corresponding bit of the interleaved W2 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with high reliability, if a corresponding bit of the interleaved Y2 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with low reliability,
wherein, from among a group of two corresponding bits, a corresponding bit of the interleaved W1 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with low reliability, if a corresponding bit of the interleaved Y1 subblock is mapped to a bit of constellation point with high reliability, and
wherein, from among a group of two corresponding bits, a corresponding bit of the interleaved W1 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with high reliability, if a corresponding bit of the interleaved Y1 subblock is mapped to a bit of constellation point with low reliability.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the interleaved information subblocks A and B are by-passed while parity sequences are multiplexed bit by bit.

### Claim 10

A method comprising:
receiving, by a plurality of subblock interleavers, an information subblock A, an information subblock B, a parity sequence of Y1 subblock, a parity sequence of Y2 subblock, a parity sequence of W2 subblock and a parity sequence of W1 subblock; and
outputting, by the plurality of subblock interleavers:
an interleaved information subblock A,
an interleaved information subblock B,
a bit-by-bit multiplexed sequence of interleaved Y1 and Y2 subblock sequences, wherein the bit-by-bit multiplexed sequence of the interleaved Y1 and Y2 subblock sequences comprises a first output bit from a Y1 subblock interleaver, a first output bit from a Y2 subblock interleaver, a second output bit from the Y1 subblock interleaver, and a second output bit from the Y2 subblock interleaver in order, and
a bit-by-bit multiplexed sequence of interleaved W2 and W1 subblock sequences, wherein the bit-by-bit multiplexed sequence of the interleaved W2 and W1 subblock sequences comprises a first output bit from a W2 subblock interleaver, a first output bit from a W1 subblock interleaver, a second output bit from the W2 subblock interleaver and a second output bit from the W1 subblock interleaver in order.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method according to claim 10,
wherein, from among a group of two corresponding bits, a corresponding bit of the interleaved W2 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with low reliability, if a corresponding bit of the interleaved Y2 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with high reliability,
wherein, from among a group of two corresponding bits, a corresponding bit of the interleaved W2 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with high reliability, if a corresponding bit of the interleaved Y2 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with low reliability,
wherein, from among a group of two corresponding bits, a corresponding bit of the interleaved W1 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with low reliability, if a corresponding bit of the interleaved Y1 subblock is mapped to a bit of constellation point with high reliability, and
wherein, from among a group of two corresponding bits, a corresponding bit of the interleaved W1 subblock sequence is mapped to a bit of constellation point with high reliability, if a corresponding bit of the interleaved Y1 subblock is mapped to a bit of constellation point with low reliability.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The method according to claim 10, wherein the interleaved information subblocks A and B are by-passed while parity sequences are multiplexed bit by bit.