# US 8,788,721 B2 · Multiple-speed interface

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- Number: US 8,788,721 B2
- Document ID: US8788721B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 13/184,831
- Filed: 2011-07-18
- Published: 2012-01-19
- Granted: 2014-07-22
- Earliest claimed: 2010-07-16
- Assignees: Nagravision S.A.
- Applicants: Chris Curren; Oliver Brique
- Inventors: Chris Curren; Oliver Brique
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8788721B2

## CPC

- H04N 21/2543: Billing {, e.g. for subscription services (payment schemes, architectures or protocols G06Q20/00; e-commerce G06Q30/00; arrangements for billing for the use of broadcast information or broadcast-related information H04H60/21)}
- G06F 1/04: Generating or distributing clock signals or signals derived directly therefrom
- G06F 1/06: Clock generators producing several clock signals {(G06F1/08 - G06F1/14 take precedence)}
- G06F 1/266: {Arrangements to supply power to external peripherals either directly from the computer or under computer control, e.g. supply of power through the communication port, computer controlled power-strips}
- G06F 1/28: Supervision thereof, e.g. detecting power-supply failure by out of limits supervision
- G06K 7/10297: {arrangements for handling protocols designed for non-contact record carriers such as RFIDs NFCs, e.g. ISO/IEC 14443 and 18092 (cryptographic protocols H04L9/00; network security protocols H04L63/00; real-time communication protocols in data switching networks H04L65/00; network protocols for data switching network services H04L67/00)}
- G06K 19/07: with integrated circuit chips
- G06K 19/07733: {the record carrier containing at least one further contact interface not conform ISO-7816}
- H04N 21/4432: {Powering on the client, e.g. bootstrap loading using setup parameters being stored locally or received from the server (resetting in general G06F1/14; program loading or initiating in general G06F9/445; bootstrapping in general G06F9/4401; secure boots of computer platforms G06F21/57)}
- H04N: PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N)
- G06K: GRAPHICAL DATA READING (image or video recognition or understanding G06V); PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS

## Abstract

The present invention provides a security module having a communication interface being capable of operating according to any from a selection from a plurality of predetermined operation modes or communication protocols. The security module further comprises a voltage detector to detect the voltage on the module's power supply connection. Depending on the value of the detected voltage or to which of a plurality of predetermined voltage ranges the detected voltage may be categorized, the security module is made to function according to one from the plurality of predetermined communication protocols. According to an embodiment of the present invention the plurality of communication protocols require that the security module operate at a plurality of different frequencies.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A security module comprising:
a processor configured to process at least one audio/video data stream;
an interface comprising a plurality of contacts including a power supply contact and a clock contact configured to receive a clock signal;
a frequency divider configured to divide a frequency of the clock signal to generate a divided clock signal, a frequency multiplier configured to multiply the frequency of the clock signal to generate a multiplied clock signal, or both;
a voltage detector configured to measure a voltage on the power supply contact and to categorize the measured voltage as pertaining to one from a plurality of predetermined voltage ranges; and
a multiplexer configured to select between the received clock signal or divided clock signal or multiplied clock signal for operating the security module;
wherein said security module is configured to function according to any one from a plurality of predetermined operation modes, each of the predetermined operation modes having a frequency of operation corresponding to a frequency of one of the received clock signal, divided clock signal, or multiplied clock signal, the predetermined operation modes including any communication protocol from a plurality of different communication protocols or any class from a plurality of classes of a communication protocol; and
wherein the security module is configured to monitor for a change in a category of the measured voltage from the voltage detector following power-on and, when the security module detects the change in the category, to switch to a different one from the plurality of operating modes and to cause the multiplexer to select between the received clock signal or divided clock signal or multiplied clock signal corresponding to the different one from the plurality of operation modes.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The security module according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of contacts are positioned in such a way as to be compatible with the International Standard ISO 7816 according to at least the physical characteristics described therein, said physical characteristics including at least the dimensions and locations of the contacts described therein.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The security module according to claim 1, wherein at least one parameter characterising any of the plurality of operation modes is a frequency of operation, the frequency of operation of at least one of the operation modes being compatible with the International Standard ISO 7816.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The security module according to claim 3, wherein the frequency of operation of at least one of said plurality of operation modes is higher than the frequency of operation of any one of the remaining operation modes from the plurality of operation modes.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The security module according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of operation modes makes use of at least one from the plurality of contacts defined as RFU (Reserved for Future Use) according to the International Standard ISO 7816.

### Claim 6

A method for processing an audio/video signal using a security module comprising a processor configured to process the audio/video signal, an interface comprising a plurality of contacts including a power supply contact and a clock contact configured to receive a clock signal, a frequency divider configured to divide a frequency of the clock signal to generate a divided clock signal, a frequency multiplier configured to multiply the frequency of the clock signal to generate a multiplied clock signal, or both, a voltage detector configured to measure a voltage on the power supply contact, and a multiplexer configured to select between the received clock signal or divided clock signal or multiplied clock signal for operating the security module, said method comprising:
powering the security module via the power supply contact;
measuring a voltage on the power supply contact;
determining a category to which the measured voltage pertains, said category being one from a plurality of predetermined categories;
selecting an operation mode from a plurality of predetermined operation modes, said selection depending on the determined category, each of the predetermined operation modes having a frequency of operation corresponding to a frequency of one of the received clock signal, divided clock signal, or multiplied clock signal, the predetermined operation modes including any communication protocol from a plurality of different communication protocols or any class from a plurality of classes of a communication protocol;
selecting between the received clock signal or divided clock signal or multiplied clock signal with the multiplexer corresponding to the selected operation mode; and
operating the security module according to the selected operation mode.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method for processing an audio/video signal according to claim 6, further comprising:
monitoring the category of the measured voltage from the voltage detector;
switching to a different one from the plurality of operation modes upon a change in the category of the measured voltage;
selecting between the received clock signal or divided clock signal or multiplied clock signal with the multiplexer corresponding to the different one from the plurality of operation modes; and
operating the security module according to the different one from the plurality of operation modes.

### Claim 8

A system for decoding an audio/video data stream, said system comprising:
a decoder comprising:
a security module interface configured to interface with a security module, said security module interface comprising a least a power terminal configured to supply power to the security module and a clock terminal configured to supply a clock to the security module;
a clock generator configured to generate a first clock having a first clock frequency and connected to supply the first clock to the clock terminal; and
a power supply connected to supply power to the power terminal;
wherein the decoder is configured to set a voltage supplied to the power terminal to correspond to one from a plurality of predetermined voltage ranges, each of the predetermined voltage ranges corresponding to a communication protocol from a plurality of different communication protocols or a class from a plurality of classes of a communication protocols; and
the security module comprising:
a processor configured to process the audio/video data stream;
an interface comprising a plurality of contacts including a power supply contact configured to interface with the power terminal of the security module interface and a clock contact configured to interface with the clock terminal of the security module interface and receive the first clock;
a frequency divider configured to divide a frequency of the first clock to generate a divided clock signal, a frequency multiplier configured to multiply the frequency of the first clock to generate a multiplied clock signal, or both;
a voltage detector configured to measure a voltage on the power supply contact and to categorize the measured voltage as pertaining to one from the plurality of predetermined voltage ranges; and
a multiplexer configured to select between the first clock or divided clock signal or multiplied clock signal for operating the security module;
wherein said security module is configured to function according to any one from a plurality of predetermined operation modes, each of the predetermined operation modes having a frequency of operation corresponding to a frequency of one of the received clock signal, divided clock signal, or multiplied clock signal, the predetermined operation modes including any communication protocol from a plurality of different communication protocols or any class from a plurality of classes of a communication protocol; and
wherein the security module is configured to monitor for a change in a category of the measured voltage from the voltage detector following power-on and, when the security module detects the change in the category, to switch to a different one from the plurality of operating modes and to cause the multiplexer to select between the first clock or divided clock signal or multiplied clock signal corresponding to the different one from the plurality of operation modes.