# US 8,788,276 B2 · Apparatus and method for calculating bandwidth extension data using a spectral tilt controlled framing > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,788,276 B2 - Document ID: US8788276B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 12/740,610 - Filed: 2009-06-23 - Published: 2011-04-28 - Granted: 2014-07-22 - Earliest claimed: 2008-07-11 - Assignees: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. - Applicants: Max Neuendorf; Ulrich Kraemer; Frederik Nagel; Sascha Disch; Stefan Wabnik - Inventors: Max Neuendorf; Ulrich Kraemer; Frederik Nagel; Sascha Disch; Stefan Wabnik - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8788276B2 ## CPC - G10L 21/038: using band spreading techniques - G10L 19/022: Blocking, i.e. grouping of samples in time; Choice of analysis windows; Overlap factoring - G10L: SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING ## Abstract An apparatus for calculating bandwidth extension data of an audio signal in a bandwidth extension system, in which a first spectral band is encoded with a first number of bits and a second spectral band different from the first spectral band is encoded with a second number of bits, the second number of bits being smaller than the first number of bits, has a controllable bandwidth extension parameter calculator for calculating bandwidth extension parameters for the second frequency band in a frame-wise manner for a sequence of frames of the audio signal. Each frame has a controllable start time instant. The apparatus additionally includes a spectral tilt detector for detecting a spectral tilt in a time portion of the audio signal and for signaling the start time instant for the individual frames of the audio signal depending on spectral tilt. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus for calculating bandwidth extension data of an audio signal in a bandwidth extension system, wherein a first spectral band is encoded with a first number of bits and a second spectral band different from the first spectral band is encoded with a second number of bits, the second number of bits being smaller than the first number of bits, comprising: a controllable bandwidth extension parameter calculator for calculating bandwidth extension parameters for the second frequency band in a frame-wise manner for a sequence of frames of the audio signal, wherein a frame comprises a controllable start time instant; and a spectral tilt detector for detecting a spectral tilt in a time portion of the audio signal and for signalling the controllable start time instant for the frame depending on the spectral tilt of the audio signal, wherein at least one of the controllable bandwidth extension parameter calculator and the spectral tilt detector comprises a hardware implementation. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the spectral tilt detector is configured to signal the controllable start time instant of the frame, when a sign of a spectral tilt of the time portion of the audio signal is different from a sign of the spectral tilt of the audio signal in the preceding time portion of the audio signal. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the spectral tilt detector is operative to perform an LPC analysis of the time portion for estimating one or more low order LPC coefficients and to analyze the one or more low order LPC coefficients for determining, whether the portion of the audio signal comprises a positive or a negative spectral tilt. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The apparatus in accordance with claim 3, wherein the spectral tilt detector is operative to only calculate the first LPC coefficient and to not calculate additional LPC coefficients and to analyze a sign of the first LPC coefficient and to signal the controllable start time instant of the frame depending on the sign of the first LPC coefficient. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The apparatus in accordance with claim 4, wherein the spectral tilt detector is configured for determining the spectral tilt as a negative spectral tilt, wherein a spectral energy decreases from lower frequencies to higher frequencies, when the first LPC coefficient comprises a positive sign, and to detect the spectral tilt as a positive spectral tilt, wherein the spectral energy increases from lower frequencies to higher frequencies, when the first LPC coefficient comprises a negative sign. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the controllable bandwidth extension parameter calculator is configured for calculating one or more of the following parameters for the frame: spectral envelope parameters, noise parameters, inverse filtering parameters, or missing harmonics parameters. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the controllable bandwidth extension parameter calculator is configured for setting the controllable start time instant of a frame depending on a start time instant of the time portion of the audio signal, on which the spectral tilt detection is based. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The apparatus in accordance with claim 7, wherein the controllable bandwidth extension parameter calculator is configured to set the controllable start time instant of the frame identical to the start time instant of the time portion, wherein the spectral tilt change has been detected. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the controllable bandwidth extension parameter calculator or the spectral tilt detector are configured to process overlapping frames or time portions. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the controllable bandwidth extension parameter calculator is operative to set a stop time instant of a frame in response to the spectral tilt detector or in response to an event independent on a spectral tilt of the audio signal. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The apparatus in accordance with claim 10, wherein the event used by the controllable bandwidth extension parameter calculator is the occurrence of a time instant being a fixed time period later in time than the controllable start time instant. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the controllable bandwidth extension parameter calculator is configured for performing a frequency selective processing of the audio signal in the second spectral band with a frequency resolution, and wherein the spectral tilt detector is operative to process the time portion in the time domain or in a frequency selective way with a frequency resolution being smaller than the frequency resolution used by the controllable bandwidth extension parameter calculator. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The apparatus in accordance with claim 1, further comprising: a transient detector for controlling the controllable bandwidth extension parameter calculator to set the controllable start time instant, when a transient is detected, wherein the controllable bandwidth extension parameter calculator is configured to set the controllable start time instant, when either the spectral tilt detector or the transient detector has output a start time instant signal. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The apparatus in accordance with claim 1, further comprising a speech/music detector, the speech/music detector being operative to activate the spectral tilt detector in a speech portion of the audio signal and to deactivate the spectral tilt detector in a music portion of the audio signal. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the spectral tilt detector is configured for determining, whether the time portion comprises a sibilant of a speech portion or a non-sibilant of a speech portion, wherein the spectral tilt detector is configured to signal the controllable start time instant for the frame, when a change from a non-sibilant to a sibilant is detected. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) The apparatus in accordance with claim 13, wherein the controllable bandwidth extension parameter calculator is configured for applying the sequence of frames with a higher time resolution in response to a signalling from the spectral tilt detector compared to a time resolution applied, when the controllable bandwidth extension parameter calculator has received a signalling from the transient detector in a time portion of the audio signal, for which the spectral tilt detector has not signalled the controllable start time instant. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the spectral tilt detector is configured to signal the controllable start time instant of the frame, when a difference between a spectral tilt value of the time portion of the audio signal and a spectral tilt value of the audio signal in the preceding time portion of the audio signal is greater than a predetermined threshold value. ### Claim 18 A method of calculating bandwidth extension data of an audio signal in a bandwidth extension system, wherein a first spectral band is encoded with a first number of bits and a second spectral band different from the first spectral band is encoded with a second number of bits, the second number of bits being smaller than the first number of bits, comprising: calculating, by controllable bandwidth extension parameter calculator, bandwidth extension parameters for the second frequency band in a frame-wise manner for a sequence of frames of the audio signal, wherein a frame comprises a controllable start time instant; and detecting, by a spectral tilt detector, a spectral tilt in a time portion of the audio signal and signalling the controllable start time instant for the frame depending on the spectral tilt of the audio signal, wherein at least one of the controllable bandwidth extension parameter calculator and the spectral tilt detector comprises a hardware implementation. ### Claim 19 A non-transitory storage medium having stored thereon a computer program comprising a program code for performing, when running on a computer, a method of calculating bandwidth extension data of an audio signal in a bandwidth extension system, wherein a first spectral band is encoded with a first number of bits and a second spectral band different from the first spectral band is encoded with a second number of bits, the second number of bits being smaller than the first number of bits, said method comprising: calculating bandwidth extension parameters for the second frequency band in a frame-wise manner for a sequence of frames of the audio signal, wherein a frame comprises a controllable start time instant; and detecting a spectral tilt in a time portion of the audio signal and signalling the controllable start time instant for the frame depending on the spectral tilt of the audio signal.