# US 8,787,926 B2 · Method and system for the spectrum manager operation in cognitive radio systems

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- Number: US 8,787,926 B2
- Document ID: US8787926B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 13/375,380
- Filed: 2011-03-30
- Published: 2012-03-22
- Granted: 2014-07-22
- Earliest claimed: 2010-03-30
- Assignees: BAE Systems Information and Electronic Systems Integration Inc.
- Applicants: Apurva N. Mody
- Inventors: Apurva N. Mody
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8787926B2

## CPC

- H04W 16/14: Spectrum sharing arrangements {between different networks}
- H04L 27/0006: {Assessment of spectral gaps suitable for allocating digitally modulated signals, e.g. for carrier allocation in cognitive radio (for spectrum sharing between different networks H04W16/14)}
- H04W 72/541: using the level of interference
- H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72)
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)

## Abstract

A system and method for the operation of a Spectrum Manager (SM) within a cognitive radio system includes two primary states of operation: SM at network initialization and SM at network operation. While in the network Initialization state, the SM's primary responsibility is to find an operating channel. After an operating channel is found, the SM moves from the network initialization state to the network operation state while executing a procedure to establish a network. While in the network operation state, the SM can execute other procedures, a procedure to update list of available channel from the incumbent database of channel and frequency data, a procedure to determine a signal type, a procedure to enter co-existence mode, deciding when to move to a backup channel and issuing calls for the same as well as background procedures such as looking for better backup channels when the SM is otherwise idle.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of operating a spectrum manager (SM) in a cognitive radio network comprising:
operating the spectrum manager in a network initialization state while determining if an operating channel is found;
moving the spectrum manager to a network operation state when an operating channel is found; and
moving the spectrum manager to the network initialization state when a channel move is required as a result of a backup channel being found with a higher data rate than the operating channel.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of operating a spectrum manager of claim 1 further comprising one or more of the group of:
the SM interfaces accesses an incumbent database service;
the SM applies regulatory domain specific policies:
the SM performs channel set management;
the SM initiates channel move or spectrum mobility;
the SM performs incumbent protection;
the SM initiates a self co-existence mode;
the SM performs resource allocation;
the SM interfaces with a Network Management System
the SM interfaces with a Co-existence Manager and
the SM monitors and schedules quiet periods.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of operating a spectrum manager of claim 1 further comprising:
while in the network initialization state, determining if an operating channel is available;
when several operating channels are available, using spectrum sensing etiquette to choose an operating channel; and
establishing a network in a normal mode of operation.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The method of operating a spectrum manager of claim 3 further comprising:
updating a list of candidate channels, operating channels and backup channels.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of operating a spectrum manager of claim 1 further comprising:
when an operating channel is found, determining if one or more exclusive backup channels are found;
when an exclusive backup channel is not found, determining if the network may operate in a self co-existence mode; and
placing the cognitive radio network into a self co-existence mode when an exclusive backup channel is not found and there are other cognitive radio network that wish to operate on the same channel.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of operating a spectrum manager of claim 1 further comprising:
accessing an incumbent database service to find a list of available channels determining if an incumbent database service is found;
providing geo-location estimates of the subscribers along with information including one or more of the group of: transmit antenna height and power to the incumbent database service;
receiving a list of available channels from the incumbent database service; and
choosing an operating channel from the list of available channels provided by an incumbent database service.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of operating a spectrum manager of claim 1 further comprising:
setting a timer before the accessing an incumbent database service; and
abiding by the regulatory domain policies in case the incumbent database service cannot be found before the timer expires.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The method of operating a spectrum manager of claim 7 further comprising:
when the timer expires, instructing a base station to de-register subscribers associated with the base station and to terminate its own operation until a database service becomes available.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The method of operating a spectrum manager of claim 7 further comprising:
updating a list of available channels from the incumbent database service; and
resetting the timer.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The method of operating a spectrum manager of claim 1 further comprising:
determining if an incumbent database service is found; and
when if an incumbent database service is found, performing at least one or more of the group of: providing the incumbent database service locations of various subscribers with the height of their transmit and receive antennas and with transmit power, updating a list of available channels from the incumbent database service, discovering neighboring cognitive radio systems, discovering schedules of neighboring cognitive radio system quiet periods, scheduling quiet periods for connected spectrum sensing automatons, instructing connected spectrum sensing automatons to move into an initialization state and to find a list of candidate channels that are a subset of available channels, and spectrum sensing to convert a candidate to a new backup channel.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The method of operating a spectrum manager of claim 1 further comprising:
while in the network initialization state, determining if an operating channel is available;
when an operating channel is not available, determining if an incumbent database service can be found;
when an incumbent database service is found, determining if one or more exclusive backup channels are found;
when one or more exclusive backup channels are found, using spectrum sensing etiquette to choose an operating channel; and
establishing the cognitive radio network in a normal mode of operation.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The method of operating a spectrum manager of claim 1 further comprising:
when an operating channel is available, instructing a base station to synchronize to other cognitive radio networks;
determining if the operating channel is available for normal mode of operation;
instructing the base station to start transmission on the operating channel when the operating channel is available for normal mode of operation; and
instructing the base station to operate in a self co-existence mode when the operating channel is not available.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The method of operating the spectrum manager of claim 1 further comprising:
determining if a consumer premise equipment (CPE) has registered with a base station (BS) associated with the spectrum manager before;
when the CPE has registered with the BS, determining if a location of the CPE has changed; and
when the location has not changed, allowing the CPE to register with the cognitive radio network.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The method of operating a spectrum manager of claim 13 further comprising:
when the CPE has registered with the BS or the location of the CPE has changed, determining if an incumbent database service is found;
when an incumbent database service is found, update a location specific list of available channels from the database service;
when an incumbent database service is found, verify CPE security suite supported and CPE spectrum sensing specifications;
determine of the CPE security suite and the CPE spectrum sensing specifications are supported by the cognitive wireless network; and
when the CPE security suite and the CPE spectrum sensing specifications are supported, allowing the CPE to register with the cognitive wireless network.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The method of operating a spectrum manager of claim 14 further comprising:
when the CPE security suite and the CPE spectrum sensing specifications are not supported, not allowing the CPE to register with the cognitive wireless network; and
when the CPE security suite and the CPE spectrum sensing specifications are not supported, updating a list of candidate channels, backup channels and operating channels based on the incumbent database service.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The method of operating a spectrum manager of claim 1 further comprising:
detecting a refresh database timer has expired;
when the refresh database timer has expired:
resetting the refresh database timer;
accessing an incumbent database service;
determining if an incumbent database service is found; and
when an incumbent database service is found, updating a location specific list of available channels from the incumbent database service.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The method of operating a spectrum manager of claim 16 further comprising:
when the refresh database timer has expired:
determining if the operating channel is available for a base station associated with the spectrum manager and associated GPEs; and
when the operating channel is available for a base station associated with the spectrum manager and associated CPEs, updating a list of candidate channels, backup channels and operating channels based on the incumbent database service.

### Claim 18 (depends on 1)

The method of operating a spectrum manager of claim 1 further comprising:
detecting an incumbent signal;
determining if a signal type of the incumbent signal can be determined;
when the signal type can be determined, determining the signal type; and
execute 802.22 policies based, at least in part, on the signal type.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The method of operating a spectrum manager of claim 18 wherein the detecting an incumbent signal further comprises:
detecting an incumbent signal on the N channel, N−1 channel or the N+1 channel;
setting timer Tclassify—signal to a first threshold value when no incumbent signal is detected;
setting timer Tclassify—signal to a second threshold value when an incumbent signal is detected, where the second threshold value is smaller than the first threshold value;
wherein determining the signal type further comprises:
determining the signal type while timer Tclassify—signal has not expired; and
when timer Tclassify—signal times out, executing cognitive radio policies associated with the Tclassify—signal timing out.

### Claim 20 (depends on 1)

The method of operating a spectrum manager of claim 1 wherein the moving the spectrum manager to the network initialization state when a backup channel with a higher signal to noise ratio (SNR) than the operating channel is found further comprises:
while in the network operation state and in an idle state when there are no events occurring, determining if a better backup channel is available; and
initiating a channel switch when a better backup channel is available.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

The method of operating a spectrum manager of claim 20 further comprising:
scheduling quiet periods for N, N−1 and N+1 backup and candidate channels;
identifying CPEs and assign sensing responsibilities;
collecting sensing reports;
monitoring at least one link parameter of the identified CPEs including parameters from the group consisting of: signal to noise ratio (SNR) and received signal strength indication (RSSI); and
wherein the determining if a better backup channel is available is base, at least in part on one or more of the sensing reports, the SNRs and the RSSIs.