# US 8,787,737 B2 · Video trick mode system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,787,737 B2 - Document ID: US8787737B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 11/990,356 - Filed: 2006-06-29 - Published: 2008-11-06 - Granted: 2014-07-22 - Earliest claimed: 2005-08-15 - Assignees: Cisco Technology, Inc. - Applicants: Stephanie Wald; Ezra Darshan; David Fink; Kevin Murray - Inventors: Stephanie Wald; Ezra Darshan; David Fink; Kevin Murray - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8787737B2 ## CPC - G11B 27/031: Electronic editing of digitised analogue information signals, e.g. audio or video signals - H04N 5/76: Television signal recording - H04N 5/783: Adaptations for reproducing at a rate different from the recording rate - H04N 5/85: on discs or drums - H04N 9/8042: {involving data reduction} - H04N 9/8205: {involving the multiplexing of an additional signal and the colour video signal} - G11B: INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER (recording measured values in a way that does not require playback through a transducer G01D9/00; recording or playback apparatus using mechanically marked tape, e.g. punched paper tape, or using unit records, e.g. punched or magnetically marked cards G06K; transferring data from one type of record carrier to another G06K1/18; circuits for coupling output of reproducer to radio receiver H04B1/20; gramophone pick-ups or like acoustic electromechanical transducers or circuits therefor H04R) - H04N: PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION ## Abstract A method for producing an auxiliary video stream arranged for reverse trick mode playback from a video stream including a plurality of uni-directional predicted frames, the method including producing the auxiliary video stream by performing the following steps copying each uni-directional predicted frame included in the video stream into a memory, thereby producing a plurality of copied frames in the memory, replacing each one of the plurality of copied frames with one corresponding supplemental frame, thereby producing a plurality of corresponding supplemental frames, and producing a copy of the video stream arranged in reverse processing order, the producing a copy including replacing each frame which corresponds to one of the plurality of copied frames with the one corresponding supplemental frame from among the plurality of corresponding supplemental frames. Related methods and systems are also described. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for producing an auxiliary video stream arranged for reverse trick mode playback from a video stream comprising a plurality of groups of pictures (GOPs), each GOP comprising an intra-coded frame and a plurality of uni-directional predicted frames, the method comprising: producing the auxiliary video stream by performing the following steps: selecting at least one uni-directional predicted frame from a first GOP of the broadcast video stream; copying the at least one uni-directional predicted frame comprised in the video stream into a memory; creating at least one substitute frame for the at least one uni-directional frame comprised in the first GOP, each substitute frame of the plurality of substitute frames corresponding to one of the at least one uni-directional frames comprised in the first GOP, the creating the at least one substitute frame being based on only one of: a next intra-coded frame and a next uni-directional frame; replacing the at least one uni-directional predicted frame with the at least one substitute frame; and producing a copy of the video stream arranged in reverse processing order, the producing a copy including replacing each frame which corresponds to one of the plurality of copied frames with the one corresponding supplemental frame from among the plurality of corresponding supplemental frames. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1 and wherein the method is performed at a video encoder. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method according to claim 2 and wherein the video encoder comprises an MPEG-2 video encoder. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The method according to claim 2 and wherein the video encoder comprises an MPEG-4 part 2 video encoder. ### Claim 5 (depends on 2) The method according to claim 2 and wherein the video encoder comprises an MPEG-4 part 10 video encoder. ### Claim 6 (depends on 2) The method according to claim 2 and wherein the video encoder comprises a VC-1 video encoder. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1 and wherein the method is performed at a video receiver. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The method according to claim 7 and wherein the video receiver comprises a personal video recorder (PVR). ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The method according to claim 7 and wherein the video receiver comprises a DVD recorder. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The method according to claim 8 and wherein the video receiver records the auxiliary video stream. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method according to claim 10 and wherein the video receiver records the auxiliary video stream as an encrypted stream. ### Claim 12 (depends on 8) The method according to claim 8 and wherein the video receiver records the video stream. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1 and wherein the plurality of uni-directional predicted frames comprises a plurality of P-frames. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1 and wherein the plurality of supplemental frames comprises a plurality of P-frames. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1 and wherein the plurality of supplemental frames comprises a plurality of I-frames. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1 and wherein the plurality of supplemental frames comprises a combination of at least one P-frame; and at least one I-frame. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1 and also comprising associating each one of the plurality of supplemental frames with a corresponding uni-directional predicted frame in the video stream. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The method according to claim 17 and wherein the associating comprises stamping each one of the plurality of supplemental frames with a presentation time stamp (PTS) identical to a PTS associated with the corresponding frame. ### Claim 19 A method for trick mode smooth rewind at a receiver, the method comprising: receiving a broadcast video stream; performing at least one of: receiving an auxiliary video stream; and producing, from the video stream, an auxiliary video stream; and rendering the auxiliary video stream palpable to at least one human sense, wherein the auxiliary video stream comprises a video stream arranged to assist reverse trick mode playback when the auxiliary video stream is processed, and comprises at least one substitute uni-directional frame for at least one uni-directional frame comprised in the auxiliary video stream, the at least one substitute uni-directional frame corresponding to at least one uni-directional frame comprised in the broadcast video stream, the at least one uni-directional frame having been created based on only one of: a next intra-coded frame and a next uni-directional frame, and the auxiliary video stream comprises at least one of: at least one P-frame; and at least one B-frame. ### Claim 20 A method performed at a video recorder for producing an auxiliary video stream arranged for reverse trick mode playback from a video stream comprising a plurality of uni-directional predicted frames, the method comprising: receiving a broadcast secondary video stream associated with the video stream, the broadcast secondary video stream comprising a plurality of supplemental frames, the broadcast secondary stream comprising at least one uni-directional frame which is created on the basis of only one of: a next intra-coded frame and a next uni-directional frame; producing the auxiliary video stream by performing the following steps: copying the plurality of supplemental frames into a memory; and producing a copy of the video stream arranged in reverse processing order, the producing including replacing each frame which corresponds to one of the plurality of copied frames with the one corresponding supplemental frame from among the plurality of corresponding supplemental frames. ### Claim 21 A system for producing an auxiliary video stream arranged for reverse trick mode playback from a video stream comprising a plurality of groups of pictures (GOPs), each GOP comprising an intra-coded frame and a plurality of uni-directional predicted frames, the system comprising: a video producer operative to produce the auxiliary video stream, the video producer comprising: a selector operative to select at least one uni-directional predicted frame from a first GOP of the broadcast video stream; a frame copier operative to copy the at least one uni-directional predicted frame comprised in the video stream into a memory; a frame creator operative to create at least one substitute frame for the at least one uni-directional frame comprised in the first GOP, each substitute frame of the plurality of substitute frames corresponding to one of the at least one uni-directional frames comprised in the first GOP, the creating the at least one substitute frame being based on only one of: a next intra-coded frame and a next uni-directional frame; a frame replacer operative to replace the at least one uni-directional predicted frame with the at least one substitute frame; and a video stream producer operative to produce a copy of the video stream arranged in reverse processing order, the producing a copy including replacing each frame which corresponds to one of the plurality of copied frames with the one corresponding supplemental frame from among the plurality of corresponding supplemental frames. ### Claim 22 A system for trick mode smooth rewind at a receiver, the system comprising: a receiver operative to receive a broadcast video stream, the receiver comprising at least one of: an auxiliary stream receiver operative to receive an auxiliary video stream; and an auxiliary stream producer operative to produce, from the video stream, an auxiliary video stream; and a rendering unit, operative to render the auxiliary video stream palpable to at least one human sense, wherein the auxiliary video stream comprises a video stream arranged to assist reverse trick mode playback when the auxiliary video stream is processed, and comprising at least one substitute uni-directional frame for at least one uni-directional frame comprised in the auxiliary video stream, the at least one substitute uni-directional frame corresponding to at least one uni-directional frame comprised in the broadcast video stream, the at least one uni-directional frame having been created based on only one of: a next intra-coded frame and a next uni-directional frame, and the auxiliary video stream comprises at least one of: at least one P-frame; and at least one B-frame. ### Claim 23 A system disposed at a video recorder for producing an auxiliary video stream arranged for reverse trick mode playback from a video stream comprising a plurality of uni-directional predicted frames, the system comprising: a video stream receiver operative to receive a broadcast secondary video stream associated with the video stream, the broadcast secondary video stream comprising a plurality of supplemental frames comprising at least one uni-directional frame which is created on the basis of only one of: a next intra-coded frame and a next uni-directional frame; an auxiliary video stream producer operative to produce the auxiliary video stream, the auxiliary video stream producer comprising: a frame copier operative to copy the plurality of supplemental frames into a memory; and a producer operative to produce a copy of the video stream arranged in reverse processing order, the producer being further operative to replace each frame which corresponds to one of the plurality of copied frames with the one corresponding supplemental frame from among the plurality of corresponding supplemental frames. ### Claim 24 A system for producing an auxiliary video stream arranged for reverse trick mode playback from a video stream comprising a plurality of groups of pictures (GOPs), each GOP comprising an intra-coded frame and a plurality of uni-directional predicted frames, the system comprising: video producing means for producing the auxiliary video stream, the video producing means comprising: frame selecting means for selecting at least one uni-directional predicted frame from a first GOP of the broadcast video stream; frame copying means for copying the at least one uni-directional predicted frame comprised in the video stream into a memory; frame creating means for creating at least one substitute frame for the at least one uni-directional frame comprised in the first GOP, each substitute frame of the plurality of substitute frames corresponding to one of the at least one uni-directional frames comprised in the first GOP, the creating the at least one substitute frame being based on only one of: a next intra-coded frame and a next uni-directional frame; frame replacing means for replacing the at least one uni-directional predicted frame with the at least one substitute frame; and video stream producing means for producing a copy of the video stream arranged in reverse processing order, the producing a copy including replacing each frame which corresponds to one of the plurality of copied frames with the one corresponding supplemental frame from among the plurality of corresponding supplemental frames. ### Claim 25 A system for trick mode smooth rewind at a receiver, the system comprising: receiving means for receiving a broadcast video stream, the receiving means comprising at least one of: auxiliary stream receiving means for receiving an auxiliary video stream; and auxiliary stream producing means for producing, from the video stream, an auxiliary video stream; and rendering means for rendering the auxiliary video stream palpable to at least one human sense, wherein the auxiliary video stream comprises a video stream arranged to assist reverse trick mode playback when the auxiliary video stream is processed, and comprising at least one substitute uni-directional frame for at least one uni-directional frame comprised in the auxiliary video stream, the at least one substitute uni-directional frame corresponding to at least one uni-directional frame comprised in the broadcast video stream, the at least one uni-directional frame having been created based on only one of a next intra-coded frame and a next uni-directional frame, and the auxiliary video stream comprises at least one of: at least one P-frame; and at least one B-frame. ### Claim 26 A system disposed at a video recorder for producing an auxiliary video stream arranged for reverse trick mode playback from a video stream comprising a plurality of uni-directional predicted frames, the system comprising: video stream receiving means for receiving a broadcast secondary video stream associated with the video stream, the broadcast secondary video stream comprising a plurality of supplemental frames comprising at least one uni-directional frame which is created on the basis of only one of: a next intra-coded frame and a next uni-directional frame; auxiliary video stream producing means for producing the auxiliary video stream, the auxiliary video stream producing means comprising: frame copying means for copying the plurality of supplemental frames into a memory; and producing means for producing a copy of the video stream arranged in reverse processing order, the producing means being further operative to replace each frame which corresponds to one of the plurality of copied frames with the one corresponding supplemental frame from among the plurality of corresponding supplemental frames. ### Claim 27 A non-transitory recording medium comprising an auxiliary video stream arranged for reverse trick mode playback from a video stream comprising a plurality of groups of pictures (GOPs), each GOP comprising an intra-coded frame and a plurality of uni-directional predicted frames, the auxiliary video stream comprising a stream produced by the following steps: selecting at least one uni-directional predicted frame from a first GOP of the broadcast video stream; copying the at least one uni-directional predicted frame comprised in the video stream into a memory; creating at least one substitute frame for the at least one uni-directional frame comprised in the first GOP, each substitute frame of the plurality of substitute frames corresponding to one of the at least one uni-directional frames comprised in the first GOP, the creating the at least one substitute frame being based on only one of: a next intra-coded frame and a next uni-directional frame; replacing the at least one uni-directional predicted frame with the at least one substitute frame; producing a copy of the video stream arranged in reverse processing order, the producing a copy including replacing each frame which corresponds to one of the plurality of copied frames with the one corresponding supplemental frame from among the plurality of corresponding supplemental frames. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The non-transitory recording medium comprising the auxiliary video stream according to claim 27, wherein the non-transitory recording medium comprises a DVD. ### Claim 29 (depends on 27) The non-transitory recording medium comprising the auxiliary video stream according to claim 27, wherein the non-transitory recording medium comprises a hard disk drive.