# US 8,787,440 B2 · Determination of receive data values > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,787,440 B2 - Document ID: US8787440B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 12/360,305 - Filed: 2009-01-27 - Published: 2010-01-28 - Granted: 2014-07-22 - Earliest claimed: 2008-07-25 - Assignees: QUALCOMM Incorporated - Applicants: Jun Shi; David Jonathan Julian; Amal Ekbal - Inventors: Jun Shi; David Jonathan Julian; Amal Ekbal - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8787440B2 ## CPC - H04B 1/719: Interference-related aspects - H04L 25/4902: {Pulse width modulation; Pulse position modulation} - H04L 27/02: Amplitude-modulated carrier systems, e.g. using on-off keying; Single sideband or vestigial sideband modulation (H04L27/32 takes precedence) - H04B: TRANSMISSION - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) ## Abstract Adverse effects associated with collisions in a wireless communication system are mitigated by defining one or more values for receive data. Here, data that is expected to be received during a data transmission may be set to a defined value. In some cases the defined value is a predefined value (e.g., zero or some other value). In some cases the defined value is based on noise and/or signals levels in the system. In some implementations a device may define receive data values for a period of time during which data is expected to be received and during which a transmission occurs. In some aspects a hybrid on-off keying scheme is employed to determine received data values. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of wireless communication, comprising: transmitting, by a node, a transmitted pulse during a period of time; sampling, by the node, a first portion of a received pulse and a second portion of the received pulse occurring during the period of time; and substituting, by the node, at least one value representing the second portion of the received pulse for at least one sampled value of the second portion of the received pulse, wherein the transmitted pulse and the received pulse at least partially overlap each other in time. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one value comprises at least one predefined value. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one value comprises a plurality of values and each value of the plurality of values is defined to be zero. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one value is defined based on at least one of: a noise level or a signal level. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein: the at least one value comprises a plurality of values; the plurality of values corresponds to data samples; and at least one member of the plurality of values is defined to be a first value and each remaining member of the plurality of values is defined to be a second value. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5, wherein: the at least one member of the plurality of values comprises a plurality of members; the plurality of members comprises a defined quantity of members; and the defined quantity is based on at least one of: a noise level or a signal level. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein: the received pulse is expected to be received during a receive time period; the method further comprises determining an overlap time period where the receive time period overlaps with the period of time; and the at least one sampled value of the second portion of the received pulse for which the at least one value is substituted occurs during the overlap time period. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The method of claim 7, wherein: the at least one value that is substituted comprises a plurality of values that corresponds to data samples of the second portion of the received pulse; and at least one member of the plurality of values is defined to be a first value and each remaining member of the plurality of values is defined to be a second value. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein: the at least one member of the plurality of values comprises a defined quantity of members; and the defined quantity is based on at least one of: a noise level or a signal level. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the period of time overlaps at least one position of a plurality of pulse position modulation (PPM) positions defined for receiving another pulse, the method further comprising: determining at least one other data value for at least another one of the PPM positions; and determining a data value for the another pulse based on the at least one other data value but not based on the at least one sampled value of the second portion of the received pulse. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the determination of the data value for the another pulse comprises an on-off keying operation. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the determination of the data value for the another pulse comprises setting the data value for the another pulse equal to the at least one other data value. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising determining the at least one value by estimating a data value for the at least one position based on the at least one other data value, wherein the determination of the data value for the another pulse comprises setting the data value for the another pulse equal to the estimated data value. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising triggering the determining of the data value for the another pulse based on determining that the at least one sampled value of the second portion of the received pulse is not available or is not sufficiently accurate. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising using the at least one value to provide a decision threshold for determining a received data value. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the period of time overlaps at least one of a plurality of pulse position modulation (PPM) positions for receive data, the method further comprising: determining at least one determined value based on the at least one value; generating at least one second sampled value by sampling during at least another one of the PPM positions; and determining a PPM data value based on the at least one determined value and the at least one second sampled value. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining a quantity of samples affected by the transmitting of the transmitted pulse; and defining the at least one value based on the determined quantity. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one value comprises at least one defined value, the method further comprising adapting the at least one defined value. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, wherein the at least one defined value is adapted based on at least one of: a measured noise level, a selected radio frequency channel, or a result of a data error test. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 further comprising determining a symbol value represented by the received pulse based on samples of the first portion of the received pulse and the at least one substituted value. ### Claim 21 An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: a transmitter configured to transmit a transmitted pulse during a period of time; and a receiver configured to sample a first portion of a received pulse and a second portion of the received pulse occurring during the period of time, the receiver comprises a receive data specifier configured to substitute at least one value representing the second portion of the received pulse for at least one sampled value of the second portion of the received pulse, wherein the transmitted pulse and the received pulse at least partially overlap each other in time. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the at least one value comprises at least one predefined value. ### Claim 23 (depends on 21) The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the at least one value comprises a plurality of values and each value of the plurality of values is defined to be zero. ### Claim 24 (depends on 21) The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the at least one value is defined based on at least one of: a noise level or a signal level. ### Claim 25 (depends on 21) The apparatus of claim 21, wherein: the at least one value comprises a plurality of values; the plurality of values corresponds to data samples; and at least one member of the plurality of values is defined to be a first value and each remaining member of the plurality of values is defined to be a second value. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The apparatus of claim 25, wherein: the at least one member of the plurality of values comprises a plurality of members; the plurality of members comprises a defined quantity of members; and the defined quantity is based on at least one of: a noise level or a signal level. ### Claim 27 (depends on 21) The apparatus of claim 21, wherein: the received pulse is expected to be received by the receiver during a receive time period; the receiver further comprises a collision detector in communication with the transmitter, the collision detector configured to determine an overlap time period where the receive time period overlaps with the period of time; and the at least one sampled value of the second portion of the received pulse for which the at least one value is substituted occurs during the overlap time period. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The apparatus of claim 27, wherein: the at least one value that is substituted comprises a plurality of values that correspond to data samples of the second portion of the received pulse; and at least one member of the plurality of values is defined to be a first value and each remaining member of the plurality of values is defined to be a second value. ### Claim 29 (depends on 28) The apparatus of claim 28, wherein: the at least one member of the plurality of values comprises a defined quantity of members; and the defined quantity is based on at least one of: a noise level or a signal level. ### Claim 30 (depends on 21) The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the period of time overlaps at least one position of a plurality of pulse position modulation (PPM) positions defined for receiving another pulse, the receiver further comprises: a sampler configured to determine at least one other data value for at least another one of the PPM positions; and a decoder configured to determine a data value for the another pulse based on the at least one other data value determined by the sampler but not based on the at least one sampled value of the second portion of the received pulse. ### Claim 31 (depends on 30) The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the determination of the data value for the another pulse comprises an on-off keying operation. ### Claim 32 (depends on 30) The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the determination of the data value for the another pulse comprises setting the data value for the another pulse equal to the at least one other data value. ### Claim 33 (depends on 30) The apparatus of claim 30, wherein: the receive data specifier is further configured to determine the at least one value by estimating a data value for the at least one position based on the at least one other data value; and the determination of the data value for the another pulse comprises setting the data value for the another pulse equal to the estimated data value. ### Claim 34 (depends on 30) The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the decoder is further configured to trigger the determining of the data value for the another pulse based on determining that the at least one sampled value of the second portion of the received pulse is not available or is not sufficiently accurate. ### Claim 35 (depends on 21) The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the receiver further comprises a decoder configured to use the at least one value substituted by the receive data specifier to provide a decision threshold for determining a received data value. ### Claim 36 (depends on 21) The apparatus of claim 21, wherein: the period of time overlaps at least one of a plurality of pulse position modulation (PPM) positions for receive data; the receiver further comprises a decoder configured to determine at least one determined value based on the at least one value substituted by the receive data specifier; the receiver further comprises a sampler configured to generate at least one second sampled value by sampling during at least another one of the PPM positions; and the decoder is further configured to determine a PPM data value based on the at least one determined value determined by the decoder and the at least one second sampled value sampled by the sampler. ### Claim 37 (depends on 21) The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the receive data specifier is further configured to: determine a quantity of samples affected by the transmitting of the transmitted pulse; and define the at least one value based on the determined quantity. ### Claim 38 (depends on 21) The apparatus of claim 21, wherein: the at least one value comprises at least one defined value; and the receiver further comprises a data value determiner configured to adapt the at least one defined value. ### Claim 39 (depends on 38) The apparatus of claim 38, wherein the at least one defined value is adapted based on at least one of: a measured noise level, a selected radio frequency channel, or a result of a data error test. ### Claim 40 An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: means for transmitting a transmitted pulse during a period of time; and a receiver configured to sample a first portion of a received pulse and a second portion of the received pulse occurring during the period of time, the receiver comprises specifier means for substituting at least one value representing the second portion of the received pulse for at least one sampled value of the second portion of the received pulse, wherein the transmitted pulse and the received pulse at least partially overlap each other in time. ### Claim 41 (depends on 40) The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the at least one value comprises at least one predefined value. ### Claim 42 (depends on 40) The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the at least one value comprises a plurality of values and each value of the plurality of values is defined to be zero. ### Claim 43 (depends on 40) The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the at least one value is defined based on at least one of: a noise level or a signal level. ### Claim 44 (depends on 40) The apparatus of claim 40, wherein: the at least one value comprises a plurality of values; the plurality of values corresponds to data samples; and at least one member of the plurality of values is defined to be a first value and each remaining member of the plurality of values is defined to be a second value. ### Claim 45 (depends on 44) The apparatus of claim 44, wherein: the at least one member of the plurality of values comprises a plurality of members; the plurality of members comprises a defined quantity of members; and the defined quantity is based on at least one of: a noise level or a signal level. ### Claim 46 (depends on 40) The apparatus of claim 40, wherein: the received pulse is expected to be received by the receiver during a receive time period; the receiver further comprises collision detection means for determining an overlap time period where the receive time period overlaps with the period of time in communication with the means for transmitting; and the at least one sampled value of the second portion of the received pulse for which the at least one value is substituted occurs during the overlap time period. ### Claim 47 (depends on 46) The apparatus of claim 46, wherein: the at least one value that is substituted comprises a plurality of values that corresponds to data samples of the second portion of the received pulse; and at least one member of the plurality of values is defined to be a first value and each remaining member of the plurality of values is defined to be a second value. ### Claim 48 (depends on 47) The apparatus of claim 47, wherein: the at least one member of the plurality of values comprises a defined quantity of members; and the defined quantity is based on at least one of: a noise level or a signal level. ### Claim 49 (depends on 40) The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the period of time overlaps at least one position of a plurality of pulse position modulation (PPM) positions defined for receiving another pulse, the receiver further comprises: sampler means for determining at least one other data value for at least another one of the PPM positions; and decoder means for determining a data value for the another pulse based on the at least one other data value, determined by the sampler means, but not based on the at least one sampled value of the second portion of the received pulse. ### Claim 50 (depends on 49) The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the determination of the data value for the another pulse comprises an on-off keying operation. ### Claim 51 (depends on 49) The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the determination of the data value for the another pulse comprises setting the data value for the another pulse equal to the at least one other data value. ### Claim 52 (depends on 49) The apparatus of claim 49, wherein: the specifier means is configured to determine the at least one value by estimating a data value for the at least one position based on the at least one other data value; and the determination of the data value for the another pulse comprises setting the data value for the another pulse equal to the estimated data value. ### Claim 53 (depends on 49) The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the decoder means is configured to trigger the determining of the data value for the another pulse based on determining that the at least one sampled value of the second portion of the received pulse is not available or is not sufficiently accurate. ### Claim 54 (depends on 40) The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the receiver further comprises decoder means for using the at least one value, substituted by the specifier means, to provide a decision threshold for determining a received data value. ### Claim 55 (depends on 40) The apparatus of claim 40, wherein: the period of time overlaps at least one of a plurality of pulse position modulation (PPM) positions for receive data; the receiver further comprises decoder means for determining at least one determined value based on the at least one value substituted by the specifier means; the receiver further comprises sampler means for generating at least one second sampled value by sampling during at least another one of the PPM positions; and the receiver further comprises means for determining a PPM data value based on the at least one determined value determined by the decoder means and the at least one second sampled value sampled by the sampler means. ### Claim 56 (depends on 40) The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the specifier means is configured to: determine a quantity of samples affected by the transmitting of the transmitted pulse; and define the at least one value based on the determined quantity. ### Claim 57 (depends on 40) The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the at least one value comprises at least one defined value, the receiver further comprises data value determiner means in communication with the receiver for adapting the at least one defined value. ### Claim 58 (depends on 57) The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the at least one defined value is adapted based on at least one of: a measured noise level, a selected radio frequency channel, or a result of a data error test. ### Claim 59 (depends on 40) The apparatus of claim 40, wherein a first portion of a pulse position modulation (PPM) position associated with data expected to be received overlaps the period of time and a second portion of the PPM position does not overlap the period of time, the receiver being configured to receive data during the second portion of the PPM position and the receiver further comprises: decoder means for defining a value for the PPM position based on the data received by the receiver and the at least one value specified by the specifier means. ### Claim 60 A computer-program product for wireless communication, comprising: a non-transitory computer-readable medium encoded with codes executable by a processor to: transmit a transmitted pulse during a period of time; sample a first portion of a received pulse and a second portion of the received pulse occurring during the period of time; and substitute at least one value representing the second portion of the received pulse for at least one sampled value of the second portion of the received pulse, wherein the transmitted pulse and the received pulse at least partially overlap each other in time. ### Claim 61 A method of wireless communication, comprising: determining that transmission of a first pulse by a node occurs during a first position of a plurality of pulse position modulation (PPM) positions defined for receiving a second pulse at the node; monitoring for the second pulse during a second position of the PPM positions; determining at least one data value for the second position of the PPM positions based on the monitoring; and determining a data value for the second pulse based on the at least one data value but not based on any data received during the first position. ### Claim 62 (depends on 61) The method of claim 61, wherein the determination of the data value for the second pulse is performed by an on-off keying. ### Claim 63 (depends on 61) The method of claim 61, wherein the determination of the data value for the second pulse comprises setting the data value for the second pulse equal to the at least one data value. ### Claim 64 (depends on 61) The method of claim 61, further comprising estimating at least one other data value for the first position based on the at least one data value, wherein the determination of the data value for the second pulse comprises setting the data value for the second pulse equal to the estimated at least one other data value. ### Claim 65 (depends on 61) The method of claim 61, wherein the determining of the data value for the second pulse is based on at least one adaptable criterion. ### Claim 66 (depends on 61) The method of claim 61, wherein the determining of the data value for the second pulse is triggered by a determination that data is not received during the first position or that any data received during the first position is not sufficiently accurate. ### Claim 67 (depends on 61) The method of claim 61, further comprising determining a quantity of samples associated with the first position that is affected by the transmission of the first pulse, wherein the determining of the data value for the second pulse is based on the determined quantity. ### Claim 68 An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: a collision detector configured to determine that transmission of a first pulse by a node occurs during a first position of a plurality of pulse position modulation (PPM) positions defined for receiving a second pulse at the node; and a receiver configured to monitor for the second pulse during a second position of the PPM positions, wherein the receiver comprises: a sampler configured to determine at least one data value for the second position of the PPM positions based on the monitoring; and a decoder configured to determine a data value for the second pulse based on the at least one data value determined by the sampler but not based on any data received during the first position. ### Claim 69 (depends on 68) The apparatus of claim 68, wherein the determination of the data value for the second pulse is performed by an on-off keying. ### Claim 70 (depends on 68) The apparatus of claim 68, wherein the determination of the data value for the second pulse comprises setting the data value for the second pulse equal to the at least one data value. ### Claim 71 (depends on 68) The apparatus of claim 68, wherein the receiver further comprises a receive data specifier configured to estimate at least one other data value for the first position based on the at least one data value determined by the sampler, wherein the determination of the data value for the second pulse by the decoder comprises setting the data value for the second pulse equal to the estimated at least one other data value. ### Claim 72 (depends on 68) The apparatus of claim 68, wherein the decoder is further configured to determine the data value for the second pulse based on at least one adaptable criterion. ### Claim 73 (depends on 68) The apparatus of claim 68, wherein the decoder is further configured to determine the data value for the second pulse based on a determination that data is not received during the first position or that any data received during the first position is not sufficiently accurate. ### Claim 74 (depends on 68) The apparatus of claim 68, wherein: the collision detector is further configured to determine a quantity of samples associated with the first position that is affected by the transmission of the first pulse; and the decoder is further configured to determine the data value for the second pulse based on the determined quantity. ### Claim 75 An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: means for determining that transmission of a first pulse by a node occurs during a first position of a plurality of pulse position modulation (PPM) positions defined for receiving a second pulse at the node; and a receiver configured to monitor for the second pulse during a second position of the PPM positions, wherein the receiver comprises: sampler means for determining at least one data value for the second position of the PPM positions based on the monitoring; and decoder means for determining a data value for the second pulse based on the at least one data value determined by the sampler means but not based on any data received during the first position. ### Claim 76 (depends on 75) The apparatus of claim 75, wherein the determination of the data value for the second pulse is performed by an on-off keying. ### Claim 77 (depends on 75) The apparatus of claim 75, wherein the determination of the data value for the second pulse comprises setting the data value for the second pulse equal to the at least one data value. ### Claim 78 (depends on 75) The apparatus of claim 75, wherein the receiver further comprises means for estimating at least one other data value for the first position based on the at least one data value determined by the sampler means, wherein the determination of the data value for the second pulse by the decoder means comprises setting the data value for the second pulse equal to the estimated at least one other data value. ### Claim 79 (depends on 75) The apparatus of claim 75, wherein the decoder means is configured to determine the data value for the second pulse based on at least one adaptable criterion. ### Claim 80 (depends on 75) The apparatus of claim 75, wherein the decoder means is configured to determine the data value for the second pulse based on a determination that data is not received during the first position or that any data received during the first position is not sufficiently accurate. ### Claim 81 (depends on 75) The apparatus of claim 75, wherein: the means for determining that transmission of the first pulse by the node occurs during at least one position is configured to determine a quantity of samples associated with the first position that is affected by the transmission of the first pulse; and a decision to not determine the data value for the second pulse based on any data received during the first position is based on the determined quantity. ### Claim 82 A computer-program product for wireless communication, comprising: a non-transitory computer-readable medium encoded with codes executable by a processor to: determine that transmission of a first pulse by a node occurs during a first position of a plurality of pulse position modulation (PPM) positions defined for receiving a second pulse at the node; monitor for the second pulse during a second position of the PPM positions; determine at least one data value for the second position of the PPM positions based on the monitoring; and determine a data value for the second pulse based on the at least one data value but not based on any data received during the first position.