# US 8,787,426 B2 · Finger placement in multi-stage interference cancellation > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,787,426 B2 - Document ID: US8787426B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 13/333,703 - Filed: 2011-12-21 - Published: 2013-03-28 - Granted: 2014-07-22 - Earliest claimed: 2011-09-28 - Assignees: Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) - Applicants: Yi-Pin Eric Wang; Stephen Grant; Ning He; Niklas Johansson - Inventors: Yi-Pin Eric Wang; Stephen Grant; Ning He; Niklas Johansson - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8787426B2 ## CPC - H04B 1/7107: Subtractive interference cancellation - H04B 1/7115: Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers - H04B 2201/709727: GRAKE type RAKE receivers - H04B 2201/709745: Iterative interference mitigation schemes - H04B: TRANSMISSION ## Abstract In a receive node of a wireless network, an iterative multi-user multi-stage interference cancellation receiver is used. After each stage of interference cancellation, interference characteristics change. An adaptive finger placement strategy is used in which after each stage of interference cancellation, finger delays and combining weights of the receiver are adapted to reflect the changed interference characteristics. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method performed in a receive node of a communication network, the receive node being structured to operate on a data stream transmitted from a transmit node, the method comprising: performing, by the receive node, a first stage processing a symbol of interest contained in a first composite signal; and performing, by the receive node, a second stage processing the same symbol of interest contained in a second composite signal, wherein the first stage processing comprises: determining one or more first stage interference characteristics based on the first composite signal; determining one or more first stage processing delays based on the first stage interference characteristics; performing a first stage despreading and combining of the first composite signal based on the first stage processing delays to generate a first stage equalized signal; determining a first stage estimated signal based on the first stage equalized signal; canceling the first stage estimated signal from the first composite signal to generate an interference-reduced version of the first composite signal, and wherein the second stage processing comprises: determining one or more second stage processing delays; and performing a second stage despreading and combining of the second composite signal based on the second stage processing delays to generate a second stage equalized signal, wherein the second composite signal is based on the interference-reduced version of the first composite signal. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the second stage processing further comprises determining one or more second stage interference characteristics based on the second composite signal. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, wherein the step of determining the second stage processing delays comprises determining the second stage processing delays based on the second stage interference characteristics. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, wherein the step of performing the second stage despreading and combining comprises: despreading the second composite signal based on the second stage processing delays; and combining the second stage despread values using combining weights corresponding to one or more interference-suppression fingers. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein the combining weights corresponding to the interference-suppression fingers are Generalized Rake combining weights. ### Claim 6 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, wherein the step of determining the second stage interference characteristics comprises determining the second stage interference characteristics based on data or impairment correlation between one or more pairs of despread values. ### Claim 7 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, wherein the step of determining the second stage interference characteristics comprises determining the second stage interference characteristics based on one or more residual interference power levels. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The method of claim 7, wherein the residual interference power levels are obtained through computing a variance of interfering symbols regenerated using likelihood indicators wherein each likelihood indicator relates to an estimate of a corresponding interfering symbol. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein each likelihood indicator is any one or more of bit log-likelihood ratios (LLR), bit likelihood ratios, and bit probabilities of the interfering symbol corresponding to that likelihood indicator. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the step of performing the second stage despreading and combining comprises: despreading the second composite signal based on the second stage processing delays; and combining the second stage despread values using combining weights corresponding to one or more energy-collecting fingers. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the combining weights corresponding to the energy-collecting fingers are Rake combining weights. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the step of performing the first stage despreading and combining of the first composite signal based on the first stage processing delays comprises: despreading the first composite signal based on the first stage processing delays; and combining the despread values using first combining weights. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the step of performing the first stage despreading and combining of the first composite signal based on the first stage processing delays comprises: combining the first composite signal based on the first stage processing delays and first combining weights; and despreading the combined values. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the first stage estimated signal comprises: determining the first stage estimates of the symbol of interest and of the interfering symbols in the first composite signal based on any one of likelihood indicators generated by a decoder, hard demodulated bits generated by a demodulator, soft demodulated indicators generated by the demodulator, and reencoded hard decoded bits generated by the decoder; and regenerating an estimate of the signal of interest as the first stage estimated signal based on the first stage estimates of the symbol of interest and of the interfering symbols. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the second stage interfering symbol estimate comprises: determining the second stage estimates of the symbol of interest and of the interfering symbols in the second composite signal based on any one of likelihood indicators generated by a decoder, hard demodulated bits generated by a demodulator, soft demodulated indicators generated by the demodulator, and reencoded hard decoded bits generated by the decoder; and regenerating an estimate of the signal of interest as the second stage estimated signal based on the second stage estimates of the symbol of interest and of the interfering symbols. ### Claim 16 A receiver of a receive node of a communication network comprising a plurality of chains, each chain structured to process a symbol of interest contained in a first composite signal in a first stage, and to process the same symbol of interest contained in a second composite signal in a second stage, each chain of the receiver comprising: an equalizer; a demodulator; a signal regenerator; and an interference canceller, wherein in the first stage, the equalizer is structured to determine one or more first stage interference characteristics based on the first composite signal, to determine one or more first stage processing delays based on the first stage interference characteristics, and to perform a first stage despreading and combining of the first composite signal based on the first stage processing delays to generate a first stage equalized signal, the demodulator is structured to demodulate the first equalized signal to generate a first stage demodulated data, the signal regenerator is structured to determine a first stage estimated signal based on the first stage demodulated data, and the interference canceller is structured to cancel the first stage estimated signal from the first composite signal to generate an interference-reduced version of the first composite signal, wherein in the second stage, the equalizer is structured to determine one or more second stage processing delays, and to perform a second stage despreading and combining of the second composite signal based on the second stage processing delays to generate a second stage equalized signal, and wherein the second composite signal is based on the interference-reduced version of the first composite signal. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The receiver of claim 16, wherein in the second stage, the equalizer is structured to determine one or more second stage interference characteristics based on the second composite signal. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The receiver of claim 17, wherein the equalizer comprises a delay timing determiner structured to determine the second stage processing delays based on the second stage interference characteristics. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The receiver of claim 18, wherein the equalizer further comprises: a combining weight calculator structured to calculate combining weights of fingers of a despreader/combiner, and the despreader/combiner structured to despread the second composite signal based on the second stage processing delays, and combining the second stage despread values using combining weights from the combining weight calculator, wherein the combining weights correspond to one or more interference-suppression fingers of the despreader/combiner. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The receiver of claim 19, wherein the combining weights corresponding to the interference-suppression fingers are Generalized Rake combining weights. ### Claim 21 (depends on 17) The receiver of claim 17, wherein the equalizer is structured to determine the second stage interference characteristics based on data or impairment correlation between one or more pairs of despread values. ### Claim 22 (depends on 17) The receiver of claim 17, wherein the equalizer is structured to determine the second stage interference characteristics based on one or more residual interference power levels. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The receiver of claim 22, wherein the equalizer is structured to obtain the residual interference power levels through computing a variance of interfering symbols regenerated using likelihood indicators wherein each likelihood indicator relates to an estimate of a corresponding interfering symbol. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The receiver of claim 23, wherein each likelihood indicator is any one or more of bit log-likelihood ratios (LLR), bit likelihood ratios, and bit probabilities of the interfering symbol corresponding to that likelihood indicator. ### Claim 25 (depends on 16) The receiver of claim 16, wherein the equalizer further comprises: a combining weight calculator structured to calculate combining weights of fingers of a despreader/combiner, and the despreader/combiner structured to despread the second composite signal based on the second stage processing delays, and combining the second stage despread values using combining weights from the combining weight calculator, wherein the combining weights correspond to one or more energy-collecting fingers of the despreader/combiner. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The receiver of claim 25, wherein the combining weights corresponding to the energy-collecting fingers are Rake combining weights. ### Claim 27 (depends on 16) The receiver of claim 16, wherein the despreader/combiner is structured to despread the first composite signal based on the first stage processing delays, and combine the despread values using first combining weights. ### Claim 28 (depends on 16) The receiver of claim 16, wherein the despreader/combiner is structured to combine the first composite signal based on the first stage processing delays and first set of combining weights, and despread the combined values. ### Claim 29 (depends on 16) The receiver of claim 16, wherein in the first stage, the signal regenerator determines the first stage estimate of the symbol of interest and of the interfering symbols in the first composite signal based on any one of likelihood indicators generated by a decoder, hard demodulated bits generated by a demodulator, soft demodulated indicators generated by the demodulator, and reencoded hard decoded bits generated by the decoder, and regenerates an estimate of the signal of interest as the first stage estimated signal based on the first stage estimates of the symbol of interest and of the interfering symbols. ### Claim 30 (depends on 16) The receiver of claim 16, wherein in the second stage, the signal regenerator determines the second stage estimates of the symbol of interest and of the interfering symbols in the second composite signal based on any one of likelihood indicators generated by a decoder, hard demodulated bits generated by a demodulator, soft demodulated indicators generated by the demodulator, and reencoded hard decoded bits generated by the decoder; and regenerates an estimate of the signal of interest as the second stage estimated signal based on the second stage estimates of the symbol of interest and of the interfering symbols. ### Claim 31 A non-transitory computer readable medium containing therein a program executable by a computer in a receive node of a communication network, when executed, the program causing the computer to perform a first stage processing a symbol of interest contained in a first composite signal, and to perform a second stage processing the same symbol of interest contained in a second composite signal, wherein the first stage processing comprises: determining one or more first stage interference characteristics based on the first composite signal; determining one or more first stage processing delays based on the first stage interference characteristics; performing a first stage despreading and combining of the first composite signal based on the first stage processing delays to generate a first stage equalized signal; determining a first stage estimated signal based on the first stage equalized signal; canceling the first stage estimated signal from the first composite signal to generate an interference-reduced version of the first composite signal, and wherein the second stage processing comprises: determining one or more second stage processing delays; and performing a second stage despreading and combining of the second composite signal based on the second stage processing delays to generate a second stage equalized signal, wherein the second composite signal is based on the interference-reduced version of the first composite signal. ### Claim 32 (depends on 31) The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 31, wherein the second stage processing further comprises determining one or more second stage interference characteristics based on the second composite signal, wherein the step of determining the second stage interference characteristics comprises determining the second stage interference characteristics based on one or more residual interference power levels, wherein the residual interference power levels are obtained through computing a variance of interfering symbols regenerated using likelihood indicators, and wherein each likelihood indicator relates to an estimate of a corresponding interfering symbol. ### Claim 33 (depends on 31) The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 31, wherein the step of determining the first stage estimated signal comprises: determining the first stage estimates of the symbol of interest and of the interfering symbols in the first composite signal based on any one of likelihood indicators generated by a decoder, hard demodulated bits generated by a demodulator, soft demodulated indicators generated by the demodulator, and reencoded hard decoded bits generated by the decoder; and regenerating an estimate of the signal of interest as the first stage estimated signal based on the first stage estimates of the symbol of interest and of the interfering symbols. ### Claim 34 (depends on 31) The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 31, wherein the step of determining the second stage interfering symbol estimate comprises: determining the second stage estimates of the symbol of interest and of the interfering symbols in the second composite signal based on any one of likelihood indicators generated by a decoder, hard demodulated bits generated by a demodulator, soft demodulated indicators generated by the demodulator, and reencoded hard decoded bits generated by the decoder; and regenerating an estimate of the signal of interest as the second stage estimated signal based on the second stage estimates of the symbol of interest and of the interfering symbols.