# US 8,787,043 B2 · Controller for a power converter and method of operating the same > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,787,043 B2 - Document ID: US8787043B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 12/692,299 - Filed: 2010-01-22 - Published: 2011-07-28 - Granted: 2014-07-22 - Earliest claimed: 2010-01-22 - Assignees: Power Systems Technologies, Ltd. - Applicants: Ralf Schroeder genannt Berghegger - Inventors: Ralf Schroeder genannt Berghegger - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8787043B2 ## CPC - H02M 3/33507: {with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters (H02M3/33561, H02M3/33569 take precedence)} - Y02B 70/10: Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) - Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS ## Abstract A controller for a power converter and method of operating the same. In one embodiment, the controller includes a primary peak current circuit configured to produce a reference voltage corresponding to a primary peak current through a primary winding of a transformer of a power converter, and an offset corrector configured to provide an offset voltage to compensate for delays in the power converter. The controller also includes a summer configured to provide an offset reference voltage as a function of the reference voltage and the offset voltage, and a comparator configured to produce a signal to turn off a power switch coupled to the primary winding of the transformer as a function of the offset reference voltage. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A primary peak current circuit employable with a power converter having a transformer with a primary winding coupled to a power switch and a secondary winding coupled to an output thereof, comprising: a timing circuit configured to estimate a time interval when an output current is delivered to an output of said power converter; and a divider configured to multiply a constant, comprising a desired output current of said power converter divided by a power converter efficiency of said power converter, with a ratio of a switching frequency of said power switch and said time interval to provide an initial reference voltage corresponding to a primary peak current through said primary winding. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The primary peak current circuit as recited in claim 1 further comprising a limiter configured to limit a value of said initial reference voltage to a predefined range to provide a reference voltage corresponding to said primary peak current through said primary winding. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The primary peak current circuit as recited in claim 1 wherein said timing circuit comprises: a comparator configured to provide a current to a timing capacitor when a drain voltage of said power switch exceeds a threshold voltage, said timing capacitor being configured to perform an integration of said current, a sample-and-hold circuit configured to acquire a voltage across said timing capacitor that is proportional to and produces said estimate of said time interval, a control switch configured to discharge said timing capacitor to enable said integration to start over as a function of a gate drive signal to said power switch, and a delay circuit configured to enable said sample-and-hold circuit to acquire said voltage across said timing capacitor before said timing capacitor is discharged by said control switch. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The primary peak current circuit as recited in claim 3 wherein said comparator is configured to provide said current to said timing capacitor through a timing resistor when said drain voltage of said power switch exceeds said threshold voltage. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The primary peak current circuit as recited in claim 3 wherein said comparator is configured to provide said current to said timing capacitor through a current source when said drain voltage of said power switch exceeds said threshold voltage. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The primary peak current circuit as recited in claim 1 wherein said constant comprises a value of a sense resistor in series with said power switch. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The primary peak current circuit as recited in claim 1 further comprising a timing circuit configured to estimate said switching frequency of said power switch. ### Claim 8 A controller employable with a power converter having a transformer with a primary winding coupled to a power switch and a secondary winding coupled to an output thereof, comprising: a primary peak current circuit configured to produce a reference voltage corresponding to a primary peak current through said primary winding of said transformer; an offset corrector configured to provide an offset voltage to compensate for delays in said power converter, said offset voltage being a function of said reference voltage from said primary peak current circuit and a sense voltage from a sense resistor in series with said power switch; a summer configured to provide an offset reference voltage as a function of said reference voltage and said offset voltage; and a comparator configured to produce a signal to turn off said power switch as a function of said offset reference voltage. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The controller as recited in claim 8 wherein said primary peak current circuit comprises at least one timing circuit, a divider and a limiter. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The controller as recited in claim 8 wherein said primary peak current circuit is configured to produce said reference voltage as a function of a switching cycle of said power switch and a time interval during which an output current is delivered to said output of said power converter. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) The controller as recited in claim 8 wherein said comparator is configured to produce said signal to turn off said power switch when said sense voltage from said sense resistor in series with said power switch exceeds said offset reference voltage. ### Claim 12 (depends on 8) The controller as recited in claim 8 wherein said offset corrector comprises an offset comparator, an offset capacitor, an offset diode and an offset resistor. ### Claim 13 (depends on 8) The controller as recited in claim 8 wherein said offset corrector comprises an offset comparator, a counter, a counter logic and a digital-to-analog converter. ### Claim 14 (depends on 8) The controller as recited in claim 8 further comprising a set-reset flip-flop configured to provide a gate drive signal to said power switch responsive to said signal from said comparator. ### Claim 15 (depends on 8) The controller as recited in claim 8 further comprising a set-reset flip-flop configured to turn on said power switch responsive to a signal from another comparator detecting a drain voltage of said power switch falling below a threshold voltage. ### Claim 16 A method of operating a controller employable with a power converter having a transformer with a primary winding coupled to a power switch and a secondary winding coupled to an output thereof, comprising: producing a reference voltage corresponding to a primary peak current through said primary winding of said transformer; providing an offset voltage to compensate for delays in said power converter, said offset voltage being a function of said reference voltage and a sense voltage from a sense resistor in series with said power switch; providing an offset reference voltage as a function of said reference voltage and said offset voltage; and producing a signal to turn off said power switch as a function of said offset reference voltage. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method as recited in claim 16 wherein producing said reference voltage is a function of a switching cycle of said power switch and a time interval during which an output current is delivered to said output of said power converter. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The method as recited in claim 16 wherein said producing said signal to turn off said power switch occurs when said sense voltage from said sense resistor in series with said power switch exceeds said offset reference voltage. ### Claim 19 (depends on 16) The method as recited in claim 16 further comprising providing a gate drive signal to said power switch responsive to said producing said signal to turn off said power switch. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) The method as recited in claim 16 further comprising turning on said power switch responsive to a signal detecting a drain voltage of said power switch falling below a threshold voltage. ### Claim 21 A power converter, comprising: a transformer having a primary winding coupled to a power switch and a secondary winding coupled to an output thereof; and a controller, including: a primary peak current circuit configured to produce a reference voltage corresponding to a primary peak current through said primary winding of said transformer, an offset corrector configured to provide an offset voltage to compensate for delays in said power converter, said offset voltage being a function of said reference voltage from said primary peak current circuit and a sense voltage from a sense resistor in series with said power switch, a summer configured to provide an offset reference voltage as a function of said reference voltage and said offset voltage, and a comparator configured to produce a signal to turn off said power switch as a function of said offset reference voltage. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The power converter as recited in claim 21 wherein said primary peak current circuit includes at least one timing circuit, a divider and a limiter. ### Claim 23 (depends on 21) The power converter as recited in claim 21 wherein said primary peak current circuit is configured to produce said reference voltage as a function of a switching cycle of said power switch and a time interval during which an output current is delivered to said output of said power converter. ### Claim 24 (depends on 21) The power converter as recited in claim 21 wherein said comparator is configured to produce said signal to turn off said power switch when said sense voltage from said sense resistor in series with said power switch exceeds said offset reference voltage. ### Claim 25 (depends on 21) The power converter as recited in claim 21 wherein said offset corrector includes an offset comparator, an offset capacitor, an offset diode and an offset resistor. ### Claim 26 (depends on 21) The power converter as recited in claim 21 wherein said offset corrector includes an offset comparator, a counter, a counter logic and a digital-to-analog converter. ### Claim 27 (depends on 21) The power converter as recited in claim 21 wherein said controller further includes a set-reset flip-flop configured to provide a gate drive signal to said power switch responsive to said signal from said comparator. ### Claim 28 (depends on 21) The power converter as recited in claim 21 wherein said controller further includes a set-reset flip-flop configured to turn on said power switch responsive to a signal from another comparator detecting a drain voltage of said power switch falling below a threshold voltage. ### Claim 29 (depends on 21) The power converter as recited in claim 21 wherein said controller is a pulse-width modulator controller. ### Claim 30 (depends on 21) The power converter as recited in claim 21 wherein said power converter is a quasi-resonant flyback power converter.