Advanced electrode structures and electrochromic devices

A display device forming an image and having a viewer side and a back side, said display comprising:

• a transparent layer positioned at the viewer side of the display, wherein transparent layer has a top surface and a bottom surface;
• a coloring electrode positioned on the transparent layer bottom surface;
• said coloring electrode comprises a connected conductor system formed from one or more heterogeneous conductive layers, a coloring layer, with the proviso that the heterogeneous conductive layers are not positioned between the transparent layer bottom surface and the coloring layer;
• wherein said conductor heterogeneity comprises variations in one or more of:
• conductor material composition;
• conductor layer dimension;
• conductor layer pattern;
• conductor layer grid design, and combinations thereof;
• and
• a second electrode;
• a separator layer positioned between the coloring electrode and the second electrode;
• an electrolyte permeating throughout the display device;
• a back layer positioned at the back side of the display;
• a passivator layer;
• and,
• an opacifier layer,
• wherein each passivator layer and opacifier layer is ionically isolative and electronically isolative,
• wherein the opacifier layer is located beneath the transparent layer bottom surface and above one or more of the heterogeneous conductor layers, and
• wherein the passivator layer is located beneath one or more of the heterogeneous conductor layers and above the separator layer.