# US 8,786,840 B1 · Method and device for remotely monitoring an area using a low peak power optical pump

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- Number: US 8,786,840 B1
- Document ID: US8786840B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 13/358,853
- Filed: 2012-01-26
- Granted: 2014-07-22
- Earliest claimed: 2012-01-26
- Assignees: U.S. Department of Energy
- Applicants: Steven D. Woodruff; Dustin L. Mcintyre; Jinesh C. Jain
- Inventors: Steven D. Woodruff; Dustin L. Mcintyre; Jinesh C. Jain
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8786840B1

## CPC

- G01J 3/44: Raman spectrometry; Scattering spectrometry {; Fluorescence spectrometry}
- G01J 3/10: Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry
- H01S 3/113: using intracavity saturable absorbers
- G01J 2003/104: {Monochromatic plural sources}
- H01S 3/005: {Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping (shaping laser beam for working metal or other materials B23K26/06; optical elements, systems or apparatus in general G02B)}
- H01S 3/094053: {Fibre coupled pump, e.g. delivering pump light using a fibre or a fibre bundle}
- H01S 3/094061: {Shared pump, i.e. pump light of a single pump source is used to pump plural gain media in parallel}
- H01S 3/1611: {neodymium}
- H01S 3/1643: {YAG}
- H01S 3/2383: {Parallel arrangements}
- G01J: MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY (light sources F21, H01J, H01K, H05B; investigating properties of materials by optical means G01N)
- H01S: DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL

## Abstract

A method and device for remotely monitoring an area using a low peak power optical pump comprising one or more pumping sources, one or more lasers; and an optical response analyzer. Each pumping source creates a pumping energy. The lasers each comprise a high reflectivity mirror, a laser media, an output coupler, and an output lens. Each laser media is made of a material that emits a lasing power when exposed to pumping energy. Each laser media is optically connected to and positioned between a corresponding high reflectivity mirror and output coupler along a pumping axis. Each output coupler is optically connected to a corresponding output lens along the pumping axis. The high reflectivity mirror of each laser is optically connected to an optical pumping source from the one or more optical pumping sources via an optical connection comprising one or more first optical fibers.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A device for remote optical detection comprising:
a. one or more optical pumping sources, one or more lasers; and an optical response analyzer;
b. each pumping source from said one or more optical pumping sources creating a pumping energy;
c. said one or more lasers each comprising:
i. a high reflectivity mirror, a laser media, an output coupler, and an output lens;
ii. said laser media made of a material that emits a lasing power when exposed to said pumping energy;
iii. said lasing power having a peak power greater than the peak power of said pumping energy;
iv. said high reflectivity mirror reflective to said lasing power and transmissive to said pumping energy;
v. said laser media optically connected to and positioned between said high reflectivity mirror and said output coupler along a pumping axis; and
vi. said output lens optically connected to said output coupler and a sample area;
d. each said high reflectivity mirror optically connected to an optical pumping source from said one or more optical pumping sources via an optical connection comprising one or more first optical fibers; and
e. said sample area optically connected to said optical response analyzer; and
f. further comprising at least one laser further comprising:
i. a first lens, a first mirror, a second lens, a second mirror, a third lens, a third mirror, and a fourth mirror;
ii. said first mirror optically connected to and positioned between said first lens and said second lens along said pumping axis;
iii. said high reflectivity mirror, said Q-switch, said laser media, said optical coupler, and said output lens positioned between said second lens and said second mirror along said pumping axis;
iv. said second mirror optically connected to and positioned between said output lens and said third lens along said pumping axis;
v. said third lens optically connected to said second mirror and said sample area along said pumping axis;
vi. said third mirror optically connected to said second mirror;
vii. said third mirror optically connected to said fourth mirror; and
viii. said fourth mirror optically connected to said first mirror; and
g. whereby:
i. said sample area is optically connected to said optical response analyzer through an optical path comprising at least part of said one or more first optical fibers; and
ii. said optical response analyzer receives and analyzes optical responses from said sample area.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The device for remote optical detection of claim 1 whereby:
a. at least one laser comprising an output lens optically connected to and between its corresponding output coupler and said sample area along its pumping axis.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The device for remote optical detection of claim 1 whereby:
a. at least one laser from said one or more lasers further comprises:
i. a Q-switch and
ii. said Q-switch optically connected to and positioned between said high reflectivity mirror and said optical coupler along said pumping axis.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The device for remote optical detection of claim 3 further comprising:
a. said Q-switch optically connected to and positioned between said high reflectivity mirror and said laser media.

### Claim 5 (depends on 3)

The device for remote optical detection of claim 3 further comprising:
a. said Q-switch optically connected to and positioned between said laser media and said output coupler.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The device for remote optical detection of claim 1 whereby:
a. said sample area optically connected to said optical response analyzer through a response optical fiber; and
b. said response optical fiber separate and distinct from said one or more first optical fibers.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The device for remote optical detection of claim 1 whereby:
a. said optical response analyzer uses laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The device for remote optical detection of claim 1 whereby:
a. said optical response analyzer uses RAMAN scattering.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The device for remote optical detection of claim 8 whereby said one or more optical pumping sources comprises:
i. a first optical pumping source optically connected to said first laser; and said second laser.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The device for remote optical detection of claim 8 whereby said one or more optical pumping sources comprises:
i. a first optical pumping source optically connected to said first laser; and
ii. a second optical pumping source optically connected to said second laser.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The device for remote optical detection of claim 1:
a. whereby:
i. said one or more lasers comprises a first laser and a second laser;
ii. said output lens of said first laser positioned between said output coupler of said first laser and said sample area along said pumping axis of said first laser; and
b. further comprising:
i. a fifth mirror and a sixth mirror;
ii. said fifth mirror optically connected to said high reflectivity mirror of said second laser;
iii. said sixth mirror optically connected to said fifth mirror; and
iv. said sixth mirror optically connected to said sample area.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The device for remote optical detection of claim 1 further comprising:
a. said one or more lasers comprising a first laser and a second laser; and
b. said high reflectivity mirror of said first laser optically connected to an optical pumping source from said one or more optical pumping sources along said said pumping axis via an optical connection comprising a first optical fiber;
c. said high reflectivity mirror of said second laser optically connected to an optical pumping source from said one or more optical pumping sources along said pumping axis via an optical connection comprising a second optical fiber; and
d. said second optical fiber have a length longer than the length of said first optical fiber.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The device for remote optical detection of claim 1:
a. whereby:
i. said one or more lasers comprises a first laser and a second laser; and
ii. said one or more optical pumping sources comprises a first optical pumping source optically connected to said first laser and said second laser; and
b. further comprising:
i. a fifth mirror, a sixth mirror, a seventh mirror, and an eighth mirror;
ii. said fifth mirror optically connected to said high reflectivity mirror of said second laser;
iii. said sixth mirror optically connected to said fifth mirror;
iv. said seventh mirror optically connected to said sixth mirror;
v. said eighth mirror optically connected to said seventh mirror; and
vi. said eighth mirror optically connected to said sample area.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The device for remote optical detection of claim 1 further comprising:
a. an optical distributor;
b. said first optical pumping source optically connected to said optical distributor; and
c. said optical distributor optically connected to said high reflectivity mirror of each said laser via an optical connection comprising a corresponding optical fiber from said one or more first optical fibers.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The device for remote optical detection of claim 1 further comprising:
a. a coupling lens optically connected to and positioned between the output of said one or more first optical fibers and each said high reflectivity mirror along said pumping axis of each said laser.