# US 8,786,477 B1 · Digital-to-analog conversion with improved dynamic range > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,786,477 B1 - Document ID: US8786477B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 13/804,501 - Filed: 2013-03-14 - Granted: 2014-07-22 - Earliest claimed: 2013-03-13 - Assignees: Texas Instruments Incorporated - Applicants: Texas Instruments Incorporated - Inventors: Xavier Albinet - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8786477B1 ## CPC - H03M 1/661: {Improving the reconstruction of the analogue output signal beyond the resolution of the digital input signal, e.g. by interpolation, by curve-fitting, by smoothing} - H03G 7/007: {of digital or coded signals} - H03M: CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL (using fluidic means F15C4/00; optical analogue/digital converters G02F7/00; coding, decoding or code conversion, specially adapted for particular applications, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. G01D, G01R, G06F, G06T, G09G, G10L, G11B, G11C, H04B, H04L, H04M, H04N; ciphering or deciphering for cryptography or other purposes involving the need for secrecy G09C) - H03G: CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION ## Abstract An audio downlink path is provided including a Dynamic Range Boost (DRB), a modified Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), and a modified audio driver gain control to produce a very high Dynamic Range (DR) while maintaining a limited scale and complexity of the components within the audio downlink path. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method comprising: at a Dynamic Range Boost (DRB) circuit: receiving a digital signal; calculating an approximation of an output level of a Digital to Analog Converter (DAC); comparing the approximation of the output level of the DAC to an approximation of a saturation level of the DAC; determining a gain adjustment factor by which to adjust a previous gain based on the comparing, the previous gain having been applied to a previous digital signal by the DRB circuit; adjusting the previous gain by the gain adjustment factor to create a new gain; digitally amplifying the digital signal by the new gain to create an amplified digital signal; at the DAC, wherein the DAC is coupled to the DRB circuit: calculating an intermediate sample signal responsive to the amplified digital signal; adjusting a feedback signal of the DAC by a feedback adjustment factor corresponding to a value of the gain adjustment factor to create an adjusted feedback signal; adding the adjusted feedback signal to the intermediate sample signal to create an analog output signal; at a gain stage coupled to the DRB circuit: amplifying a signal corresponding to the analog output signal by an inverse of the new gain to create an amplified analog signal. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein receiving the digital signal at the DRB circuit further comprising receiving the digital signal responsive to a digital filter. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein the digital signal received by the DRB circuit originates from a Pulse Density Modulated digital signal. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein the gain adjustment factor is a multiplier selected from the group consisting of 2, 1, and 0.5. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein calculating at the DRB circuit the approximation of the output level of the DAC further comprises calculating the approximation of the output level of the DAC using at least the digital signal, the previous gain, a previous calculated approximation of the output level, and at least one modeled characteristic of the DAC. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5 wherein calculating at the DRB circuit the approximation of the output level of the DAC further comprises: calculating a calculated amplified digital signal by digitally amplifying the digital signal by the previous gain; and approximating the output level of the DAC by modeling an effect of the DAC on the calculated amplified digital signal and the previous calculated approximation of the output level using the at least one modeled characteristic of the DAC. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6 wherein determining at the DRB circuit the gain adjustment factor by which to adjust the previous gain further comprises: determining the highest gain adjustment factor that, when applied to the approximation of the output level of the DAC, does not exceed the saturation level of the DAC. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein the DAC comprises a switched capacitor DAC using a charge-transfer technique that utilizes at least a first feedback capacitive component and a second feedback capacitive component. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8 wherein adjusting the feedback signal of the DAC to create the adjusted feedback signal further comprises at least one of: increasing the feedback signal by storing in at least one of the first and second capacitive components a charge representative of twice the feedback signal and subsequently enabling the charge representative of twice the feedback signal to be added to the intermediate sample signal; and decreasing the feedback signal by removing a charge from at least one of the first and second capacitive components and storing a charge representative of the feedback signal in the other of the at least one of the first and second capacitive components and subsequently enabling the charge of the first and second capacitive components in parallel to be added to the intermediate sample signal. ### Claim 10 An apparatus comprising: a Dynamic Range Boost (DRB) circuit comprising: at least one input configured to receive a digital signal; a calculator circuit configured to calculate an approximation of an output level of a Digital to Analog Converter (DAC); a comparing circuit configured to compare the approximation of the output level of the DAC to an approximation of a saturation level of the DAC; a logic circuit configured to: determine a gain adjustment factor by which to adjust a previous gain based on the comparing by the comparing circuit, the previous gain having been applied to a previous digital signal; and adjust the previous gain by the gain adjustment factor to create a new gain; and a digital amplification circuit to digitally amplify the digital signal according to the new gain to create an amplified digital signal; the DAC operatively coupled to the DRB circuit and comprising: a switching circuit configured to generate an intermediate sample signal responsive to the amplified digital signal; and an amplification circuit configured to: adjust a feedback signal of the DAC by a feedback adjustment factor corresponding to a value of the gain adjustment factor to create an adjusted feedback signal; and add the adjusted feedback signal to the intermediate sample signal to create an analog output signal; wherein a gain stage coupled to an output of the DAC is configured to amplify a signal corresponding to the analog output voltage according an inverse of the new gain. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The apparatus of claim 10 further comprising a digital filter coupled to the at least one input of the DRB circuit, and wherein the at least one input is further configured to receive the digital signal responsive to the digital filter. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the digital signal received by the at least one input of the DRB circuit originates from a Pulse Density Modulated digital signal. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the logic circuit is configured to select the gain adjustment factor from the group consisting of 2, 1, and 0.5. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the calculator circuit is further configured to calculate the approximation of the output level of the DAC using at least the digital signal, the previous gain, a previous calculated approximation of the output level, and at least one modeled characteristics of the DAC. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the calculator circuit is further configured to calculate the approximation of the output level of the DAC by: calculating a calculated amplified digital signal by digitally amplifying the digital signal by the previous gain; and approximating the output level of the DAC by modeling the effect of the DAC on the calculated amplified digital signal and the previous calculated approximation of the output level using the at least one modeled characteristic of the DAC. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the logic circuit is further configured to determine the gain adjustment factor by which to adjust the previous gain by: determining the highest gain adjustment factor that, when applied to the approximation of the output level of the DAC, does not exceed the saturation level of the DAC. ### Claim 17 (depends on 10) The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the DAC comprises a switched capacitor DAC using a charge-transfer technique and wherein the amplification circuit further comprises at least a first feedback capacitive component and a second feedback capacitive component. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the amplification circuit is further configured to adjust the feedback signal of the DAC by: increasing the feedback signal by storing in at least one of the first and second capacitive components a charge representative of twice the feedback signal and subsequently enabling the charge representative of twice the feedback signal to be added to the intermediate sample signal; and decreasing the feedback signal by removing a charge from at least one of the first and second capacitive components and storing a charge representative of the feedback signal in the other of the at least one of the first and second capacitive components and subsequently enabling the charge of the first and second capacitive components in parallel to be added to the intermediate sample signal. ### Claim 19 An apparatus comprising: a Dynamic Range Boost (DRB) circuit comprising: at least one input configured to receive a digital signal responsive to a digital filter and originating from a Pulse Density Modulated digital signal; a calculator circuit configured to: calculate a calculated amplified digital signal by digitally amplifying the digital signal by a previous gain, the previous gain having been applied to a previous digital signal; and calculate an approximation of an output level of a Digital Analog Converter (DAC) by modeling the effect of the DAC on the calculated amplified digital signal and a previous calculated approximation of the output level using at least one modeled characteristic of the DAC; a logic circuit configured to: determine a highest gain adjustment factor that, when applied to the approximation of the output level of the DAC, does not exceed a saturation level of the DAC, wherein the gain adjustment factor is a multiplier selected from the group consisting of 2, 1, and 0.5; and adjust the previous gain by the gain adjustment factor to create a new gain; a digital amplification circuit configured to digitally amplify the digital signal according to the new gain to create an amplified digital signal; the DAC operatively coupled to the DRB circuit, wherein the DAC comprises a switched capacitor DAC using a charge-transfer technique, the DAC configured to: a switching circuit configured to calculate an intermediate sample signal responsive to the amplified digital signal; an amplification circuit comprising at least a first feedback capacitive component and a second feedback capacitive component, the amplification circuit configured to: multiply a feedback signal of the DAC by a value of the gain adjustment factor to create an adjusted feedback signal; and add the adjusted feedback signal to the intermediate sample signal to create an analog output signal; wherein a gain stage coupled to an output of the DAC is configured to amplify a signal corresponding to the analog output voltage according an inverse of the new gain. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the amplification circuit of the DAC is further configured to multiply the feedback signal of the DAC by: doubling the feedback signal when the gain adjustment factor is 2 by storing in at least one of the first and second capacitive components a charge representative of twice the feedback signal and subsequently enabling the charge representative of twice the feedback signal to be added to the intermediate sample signal; and halving the feedback signal when the gain adjustment factor is 0.5 by removing a charge from at least one of the first and second capacitive components and storing a charge representative of the feedback signal in the other of the at least one of the first and second capacitive components and subsequently enabling the charge of the first and second capacitive components in parallel to be added to the intermediate sample signal.