# US 8,786,181 B2 · Materials for organic electroluminescent devices

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 8,786,181 B2
- Document ID: US8786181B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 13/879,081
- Filed: 2011-10-14
- Published: 2013-08-15
- Granted: 2014-07-22
- Earliest claimed: 2010-10-14
- Assignees: Merck Patent GmbH; Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Forschung E.V.
- Applicants: Thomas Eberle; Rémi Manouk Anémian; Manuel Thesen; Hartmut Krueger; Armin Wedel; Beatrice Salert; Stefanie Kreissl
- Inventors: Thomas Eberle; Rémi Manouk Anémian; Manuel Thesen; Hartmut Krueger; Armin Wedel; Beatrice Salert; Stefanie Kreissl
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8786181B2

## CPC

- H10K 85/151: {Copolymers}
- C08K 5/0091: {Complexes with metal-heteroatom-bonds}
- C08K 5/3417: condensed with carbocyclic rings
- C09K 11/06: containing organic luminescent materials
- H05B 33/10: Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of electroluminescent light sources
- H10K 50/11: characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
- H10K 50/12: comprising dopants
- H10K 85/111: {comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene}
- C08G 2261/126: block
- C08G 2261/3241: containing one or more nitrogen atoms as the only heteroatom, e.g. carbazole
- C08G 2261/342: containing only carbon atoms
- C08G 2261/3424: non-conjugated, e.g. paracyclophanes or xylenes
- C08G 2261/344: containing heteroatoms
- C08G 2261/411: Suzuki reactions
- C08G 2261/5242: electrophosphorescent
- C08G 2261/95: Use in organic luminescent diodes
- C09K 2211/1408: Carbocyclic compounds
- C09K 2211/185: of the platinum group, i.e. Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh or Pd
- H10K 2101/10: Triplet emission
- H10K 2101/27: {Combination of fluorescent and phosphorescent emission}
- Y02E 10/549: Organic PV cells
- H10K: ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- C08K: Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients (paints, inks, varnishes, dyes, polishes, adhesives C09)
- C09K: MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- H05B: ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- C08G: MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

The present invention relates to a blend comprising; a) at least one polymer or copolymer or a mixture of a plurality of polymers and/or copolymers which contain a main chain and a side chain, where at least one side chain contains a structural unit of the following formula (I), the symbols and indices used here are as defined below; b) at least one host molecule which has electron- or hole-transporting functionality, and c) at least one emitter molecule.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A blend comprising:
a) at least one polymer or copolymer or a mixture of a plurality of polymers and/or copolymers, where the at least one polymer or copolymer contains at least one structural unit of the following formula (I) in the side chains
where the dashed line represents the connection to the polymer or copolymer backbone, and the other symbols and indices used have the following meanings:
L is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a single covalent bond or a straight-chain alkylene group having 1 to 20 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkylene group having 3 to 20 C atoms, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R1, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups is optionally replaced by R2C═CR2, C≡C, Si(R2)2, Ge(R2)2, Sn(R2)2, C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR2, P(═O)(R2), SO, SO2, NR2, O, S or CONR2 and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2;
Ar1 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a divalent, mono- or polycyclic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R1;
Ar2 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a mono- or polycyclic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R1;
Q is a unit selected from the group consisting of a group —X(=A)-, where A=O, S, Se or Te, and mono- or polycyclic aromatic ring systems having 6 to 60 aromatic carbon atoms or mono- or polycyclic heteroaromatic ring systems having 2 to 50 aromatic carbon atoms;
m is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
l is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
s is 1 in the case of Q=—X(=A)-; is 1 to 5, in the case where Q is selected from the group consisting of mono- or polycyclic aromatic ring systems having 6 to 60 aromatic carbon atoms or mono- or polycyclic heteroaromatic ring systems having 2 to 50 aromatic carbon atoms; and is 1 or 2 in the case m=0;
R1 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, D, F, Cl, Br, I, N(Ar3)2, CN, NO2, Si(R2)3, B(OR2)2, C(═O)Ar3, P(═O)(Ar3)2, S(═O)Ar3, S(═O)2Ar3, —CR2═CR2(Ar3), a mono- or polycyclic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, tosylate, triflate, OSO2R2, a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 40 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 3 to 40 C atoms, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R2, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups is optionally replaced by R2C═CR2, C≡C, Si(R2)2, Ge(R2)2, Sn(R2)2, C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR2, P(═O)(R2), SO, SO2, NR2, O, S or CONR2 and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2, or a combination of these systems; where two or more adjacent substituents R1 may also be linked to one another via a single covalent bond or a divalent group Z;
X is selected from the group consisting of C, P(Ar4), S and SO;
R2 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 C atoms, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups is optionally replaced by NH, O or S and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F, or a mono- or polycylic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 20 aromatic ring atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R3; where two or more substituents R2 may also be linked to one another via a single covalent bond or a divalent group Z;
R3 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 C atoms, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups is optionally replaced by NH, O or S and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F; where two or more substituents R3 may also be linked to one another via a single covalent bond or a divalent group Z;
Ar3 and Ar4 are on each occurrence, identically or differently, a mono- or polycyclic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R3;
Z represents a divalent group —(CR42)q—;
q is equal to 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;
R4 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 C atoms, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups is optionally replaced by NH, O or S and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F;
b) at least one host molecule which has electron- or hole-transporting functionality, and
c) at least one emitter molecule.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The blend according to claim 1, wherein
Q is selected from the group consisting of —X(═O)—; 1,3,5-triazylene and/or radicals derived from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, benzanthracene, phenanthrene, benzophenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, fluoranthene, benzofluoranthene, naphthacene, pentacene, benzopyrene, biphenyl, biphenylene, terphenyl, terphenylene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, dihydrophenanthrene, dihydropyrene, tetrahydropyrene, cis- or trans-indenofluorene, cis- or trans-monobenzoindenofluorene, cis- or trans-dibenzoindenofluorene, truxene, isotruxene, spirotruxene, spiroisotruxene, furan, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, dibenzofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, isobenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, pyrrole, indole, isoindole, carbazole, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, acridine, phenanthridine, benzo-5,6-quinoline, benzo-6,7-quinoline, benzo-7,8-quinoline, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, pyrazole, indazole, imidazole, benzimidazole, naphthimidazole, phenanthrimidazole, pyridimidazole, pyrazinimidazole, quinoxalinimidazole, oxazole, benzoxazole, naphthoxazole, anthroxazole, phenanthroxazole, isoxazole, 1,2-thiazole, 1,3-thiazole, benzothiazole, pyridazine, benzopyridazine, pyrimidine, benzopyrimidine, quinoxaline, 1,5-diazaanthracene, 2,7-diazapyrene, 2,3-diazapyrene, 1,6-diazapyrene, 1,8-diazapyrene, 4,5-diazapyrene, 4,5,9,10-tetraazaperylene, pyrazine, phenazine, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, fluorubine, naphthyridine, azacarbazole, benzocarboline, phenanthroline, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, benzotriazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,5-thiadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1,3,5-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, 1,2,3-triazine, tetrazole, 1,2,4,5-tetrazine, 1,2,3,4-tetrazine, 1,2,3,5-tetrazine, purine, pteridine, indolizine and benzothiadiazole, where the 1,3,5-triazylene or the radicals may each be substituted at any position by one or more radicals R1, R2 and/or R3 and/or is optionally linked to the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system via any positions; and
s is 1 in the case of Q=—X(═O)—; is 1 or 2 in the case Q=1,3,5-triazylene; or is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 in the case where Q is selected from the radicals indicated above.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The blend according to claim 1, wherein Ar1 or Ar2 or Ar1 and Ar2 are selected on each occurrence, independently of one another, from the group consisting of radicals derived from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, benzanthracene, phenanthrene, benzophenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, fluoranthene, benzofluoranthene, naphthacene, pentacene, benzopyrene, biphenyl, biphenylene, terphenyl, terphenylene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, dihydrophenanthrene, dihydropyrene, tetrahydropyrene, cis- or trans-indenofluorene, cis- or trans-monobenzoindenofluorene, cis- or trans-dibenzoindenofluorene, truxene, isotruxene, spirotruxene, spiroisotruxene, furan, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, dibenzofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, isobenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, pyrrole, indole, isoindole, carbazole, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, acridine, phenanthridine, benzo-5,6-quinoline, benzo-6,7-quinoline, benzo-7,8-quinoline, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, pyrazole, indazole, imidazole, benzimidazole, naphthimidazole, phenanthrimidazole, pyridimidazole, pyrazinimidazole, quinoxalinimidazole, oxazole, benzoxazole, naphthoxazole, anthroxazole, phenanthroxazole, isoxazole, 1,2-thiazole, 1,3-thiazole, benzothiazole, pyridazine, benzopyridazine, pyrimidine, benzopyrimidine, quinoxaline, 1,5-diazaanthracene, 2,7-diazapyrene, 2,3-diazapyrene, 1,6-diazapyrene, 1,8-diazapyrene, 4,5-diazapyrene, 4,5,9,10-tetraazaperylene, pyrazine, phenazine, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, fluorubine, naphthyridine, azacarbazole, benzocarboline, phenanthroline, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, benzotriazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,5-thiadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1,3,5-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, 1,2,3-triazine, tetrazole, 1,2,4,5-tetrazine, 1,2,3,4-tetrazine, 1,2,3,5-tetrazine, purine, pteridine, indolizine and benzothiadiazole, each of which is optionally substituted at any position by one or more radicals R1, R2 and/or R3 and/or is optionally linked to the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system via any positions.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The blend according to claim 1, wherein the structural unit of the formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of
a) structural units having electron-transporting substituents, of the following general formulae (II) and/or (III)
b) and/or structural units having hole-transporting substituents, of the general formulae (IV) and/or (V)
where the dashed line represents the connection to the polymer or copolymer backbone, R1 has the meaning given above, and in each case, independently of one another, o=0 or 1 to 10.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The blend according to claim 1, wherein
a) the structural unit having electron-transporting substituents is selected from the group consisting of the following structural units:
b) and/or the structural unit having hole-transporting substituents is selected from the group consisting of the following structural units:
where the dashed line in each case represents the connection to the polymer or copolymer backbone.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The blend according to claim 1, wherein, besides the side chain containing the structural unit of the formula (I), the blend includes at least one further side chain which contains a further structural unit.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The blend according to claim 6, in which the further structural unit is a unit of the following formula (VI)
where the dashed line represents the connection to the polymer backbone, and the symbol L has the same meanings as the preceding claims, and the other symbols used have the following meanings:
Y is a trivalent unit which is selected from the group consisting of N, B, Si(Ar4), SiR5, Ge(Ar4), GeR5, P and As;
Ar5 is a divalent, mono- or polycyclic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R1;
Ar6 is a mono- or polycyclic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R1;
R5 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, N(Ar3)2, CN, NO2, Si(R2)3, B(OR2)2, C(═O)Ar3, P(═O)(Ar3)2, S(═O)Ar3, S(═O)2Ar3, —CR2═CR2(Ar3), tosylate, triflate, OSO2R2, a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 40 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 3 to 40 C atoms, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R2, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups is optionally replaced by R2C═CR2, C≡C, Si(R2)2, Ge(R2)2, Sn(R2)2, C≡O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR2, P(═O)(R2), SO, SO2, NR2, O, S or CONR2 and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2, or an aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R2, or a combination of these systems; where two or more adjacent substituents R5 may also be linked to one another via a single covalent bond or a divalent group Z;
R1 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, D, F, Cl, Br, I, N(Ar3)2, CN, NO2, Si(R2)3, B(OR2)2, C(═O)Ar3, P(═O)(Ar3)2, S(═O)Ar3, S(═O)2Ar3, —CR2═CR2(Ar3), a mono- or polycyclic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, tosylate, triflate, OSO2R2, a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 40 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 3 to 40 C atoms, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R2, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups is optionally replaced by R2C═CR2, C≡C, Si(R2)2, Ge(R2)2, Sn(R2)2, C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR2, P(═O)(R2), SO, SO2, NR2, O, S or CONR2 and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2, or a combination of these systems; where two or more adjacent substituents R1 may also be linked to one another via a single covalent bond or a divalent group Z;
X is selected from the group consisting of C, P(Ar4), S and SO;
R2 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 C atoms, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups is optionally replaced by NH, O or S and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F, or a mono- or polycylic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 20 aromatic ring atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R3; where two or more substituents R2 may also be linked to one another via a single covalent bond or a divalent group Z;
R3 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 C atoms, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups is optionally replaced by NH, O or S and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F; where two or more substituents R3 may also be linked to one another via a single covalent bond or a divalent group Z;
Ar3 and Ar4 are on each occurrence, identically or differently, a mono- or polycyclic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R3;
Z represents a divalent group —(CR42)q—; and
R4 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 C atoms, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups is optionally replaced by NH, O or S and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The blend according to claim 7, wherein the further structural unit is a unit of the following formula (VII)
where the dashed line represents the connection to the polymer backbone,
the non-specific bonds which end in the centre of the aromatic rings indicate that the radical R1 may sit at each of positions 1 to 8 of the carbazole,
the symbols L, R1 and Ar5 have the same meanings as in claim 7, and
the index i is equal to 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The blend according to claim 7, wherein the further structural unit is a unit of the following formula (VIII)
where the dashed line represents the connection to the polymer backbone,
the non-specific bonds which end in the centre of the aromatic rings indicate that the symbols R1 and L1 may each sit at each of the corresponding positions 1 to 8 of the carbazole,
the symbols L, R1 and Ar5 and the index i have the same meanings as in claim 7, and the other symbols and indices used have the following meanings:
L1 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a single covalent bond or a straight-chain alkylene group having 1 to 20 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkylene group having 3 to 20 C atoms, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R1, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups is optionally replaced by R2C═CR2, C≡C, Si(R2)2, Ge(R2)2, Sn(R2)2, C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR2, P(═O)(R2), SO, SO2, NR2, O, S or CONR2 and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2;
n is equal to 0, 1, 2 or 3, with the proviso that, if n>1, a maximum of one L1 is optionally an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system;
Ar7 is a mono- or polycyclic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R1.

### Claim 10 (depends on 7)

The blend according to claim 7, wherein the further structural unit is a unit of the following formula (IX)
where the dashed line represents a connection to the polymer backbone, and the symbols and indices used have the following meanings:
L2 and L3 are, independently of one another, on each occurrence, identically or differently, a mono- or polydentate ligand;
M is a transition metal, a main-group metal, a lanthanoid or an actinoid;
r is equal to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, depending on the denticity of the ligands L2 and L3 and the coordination number of the metal M.

### Claim 11 (depends on 7)

The blend according to claim 7, wherein the further structural unit is a unit of the following formula (XI)
where the dashed line represents the connection to the polymer backbone,
the non-specific bonds which end in the centre of the aromatic rings indicate that the symbols R1, L and L1 may each sit at each of the free positions of the aromatic rings, the symbols R1, L and L1 and the indices i and n have the same meanings as in the above claims, and the other symbols used have the following meanings:
V and W are selected, independently of one another, from the group from C(Ar3)2, C(R5)2, Si(Ar3)2, Si(R5)2, Ge(Ar3)2, Ge(R5)2, C═O, O, S, Se, N(Ar4), N(R5), P(Ar4), P(R5), P═O(Ar3), P═O(R5), B and (R5)2CO;
Ar8 is a mono- or polycyclic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R1;
where the symbols R5, Ar3 and Ar4 have the same meanings as defined in the above claims.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The blend according to claim 1, wherein the at least one host molecule is selected from the group consisting of
a) carbazole compounds of the general formula (XIII)
where the following applies to the symbols and indices used;
Ar9 is on each occurrence an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R6;
R6 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, N(Ar10)2, CN, NO2, Si(R7)3, B(OR7)2, C(═O)Ar10, P(═O)(Ar10)2, S(═O)Ar10, S(═O)2Ar10, —CR7═CR7(Ar10), OSO2R7, a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 40 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 3 to 40 C atoms, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R7, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups is optionally replaced by R7C═CR7, C≡C, Si(R7)2, Ge(R7)2, Sn(R7)2, C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR7, P(═O)(R7), SO, SO2, NR7, O, S or CONR7 and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R7, or an aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R7, or a combination of these systems; two or more substituents R6 and/or R7 here may also form a mono or polycyclic aliphatic or aromatic ring system with one another;
Ar10 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R7;
R7 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D or an aliphatic, aromatic and/or heteroaromatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 C atoms; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R;
R is on each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, N(Ar10)2, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 C atoms or branched alkyl group having 3 to 5 C atoms, where in each case one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups is optionally replaced by —R8C═CR8—, where R8 is as defined below, or —O— and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F, or an aryl group having 6 to 16 C atoms or heteroaryl group having 2 to 16 C atoms or a spirobifluorene group, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R7, or a combination of two of these systems; two or more substituents R7 here may also form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with one another;
u is on each occurrence, identically or differently, 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
v is on each occurrence, identically or differently, 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and
w is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; and/or
b) neutral compounds of the general formulae (XIV) or (XV)
where the following applies to the symbols and indices used:
X1 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, CR8; or two directly adjacent groups X1 stand for a unit of the following formula (XVI),
where the dashed bonds indicates the linking of the unit to the adjacent C atoms;
Y1 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a single bond or a group selected from C(R8)2, C(═C(R8)2), Si(R8)2, C(R8)2—C(R8)2, or CR8═CR8;
Z1 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, CR8;
R8 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, a straight-chain alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group having 1 to 40 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group having 3 to 40 C atoms, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R10, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R9, or a combination of these systems; two or more adjacent substituents R8 here may also form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system with one another; or a unit of the general formula (XVII)
where the dashed bonds indicate the linking of the unit to the adjacent C atoms;
R9 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R8;
R10 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D or an aliphatic, aromatic and/or heteroaromatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 C atoms, in which, in addition, H atoms is optionally replaced by F; two or more adjacent substituents R10 here may also form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system with one another; and
x is 1 or 2; and/or
c) neutral compounds of the general formula (XXX)
where
R11 an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R9, or a combination of these systems; two or more adjacent substituents R10 here may also form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system with one another; or a unit of the general formula (XXXI)
where the dashed bonds indicate the linking of the unit to the C atom of the keto group.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The blend according to claim 1, wherein
a) the at least one host molecule has electron-transporting functionality and is selected from the group consisting of the compounds depicted below
b) and/or the at least one host molecule has hole-transporting functionality and is selected from the group consisting of the compounds depicted below

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The blend according to claim 1, wherein the emitter molecule is a compound of the formulae (21) to (24),
where the following applies to the symbols used:
DCy is, identically or differently on each occurrence, a cyclic group which contains at least one donor atom, preferably nitrogen, carbon in the form of a carbene or phosphorus, via which the cyclic group is bonded to the metal, and which may in turn carry one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of R12 or CN, borane radicals or silyl radicals, where R12 is selected from the group consisting of H, D or an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 C atoms; the groups DCy and CCy are connected to one another via a covalent bond;
CCy is, identically or differently on each occurrence, a cyclic group which contains a carbon atom via which the cyclic group is bonded to the metal and which may in turn carry one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of H, D, F, CN, secondary or tertiary amines, a straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 40 C atoms, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 1 to 60 C atoms;
A is, identically or differently on each occurrence, a monoanionic, bidentate-chelating ligand, preferably a diketonate ligand; and
R12 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, F, CN, N(R13)2, a straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 40 C atoms, which is optionally substituted by R14 or may also be unsubstituted, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups is optionally replaced by —R15C═CR15—, —C═C—, Si(R15)2, Ge(R15)2, Sn(R15)2, C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR15, —O—, —S—, —NR15 or —CONR15— and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 1 to 60 C atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R14, where two or more substituents R12 may also, together with the atoms to which they are bonded, form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system with one another; where at least one group R12 has a bond to a further structural unit of the polymer;
R13 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 22 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent C atoms is optionally replaced by —R15C═CR15—, —C≡C—, Si(R15)2, Ge(R15)2, Sn(R15)2, —NR15—, —O—, —S—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—O—, where, in addition, one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by fluorine, an aryl, heteroaryl or aryloxy group having 1 to 40 C atoms, which may also be substituted by one or more radicals R14, or OH or N(R14)2;
R14 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, R15 or CN, B(R15)2 or Si(R15)3;
R15 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D or an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 C atoms.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The blend according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of the emitter molecule in the mixture is 0.1 to 40% by weight.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The blend according to claim 1, wherein
a) the structural unit in the side chains of the at least one polymer or copolymer has electron-transporting functionality and the at least one host molecule has hole-trans-porting functionality, or
b) the structural unit in the side chains of the at least one polymer or copolymer has hole-transporting functionality and the at least one host molecule has electron-transporting functionality.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The blend according to claim 1, wherein the polymer backbone is a polyethylene structure.

### Claim 18 (depends on 1)

A formulation comprising the blend according to claim 1, and at least one further component.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The formulation according to claim 18, wherein the at least one further component is selected from the group consisting of solvents, where the formulation in is in the form of a solution, dispersion, suspension or slurry; light stabilisers; UV stabilisers; flameproofing agents; fillers or combinations thereof.

### Claim 20 (depends on 1)

An electronic device comprising an anode, a cathode and a layer, arranged between anode and cathode, comprising the blend according to claim 1.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

The electronic device according to claim 20, comprising a layer, arranged between the cathode and the layer comprising the blend, comprising a conductive polymer.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

The electronic device according to claim 21, comprising a hole-injection layer comprising an arylamine polymer, arranged between the conductive polymer and the layer comprising the blend.

### Claim 23 (depends on 21)

The electronic device according to claim 21, wherein
a) the cathode is formed from a semiconducting mixed oxide, and/or
b) the anode is formed from metals.

### Claim 24 (depends on 21)

The electronic device according to claim 21, wherein
a) the anode is applied to a a glass or plastic substrate, which is arranged on the side of the anode facing away from the layer comprising the blend, and/or
b) the cathode is provided with a cover glass or a transparent plastic, which is arranged on the side of the cathode facing away from the layer comprising the blend.

### Claim 25 (depends on 21)

The electronic device according to claim 21, wherein the layer thickness
a) of the layer comprising the blend is from 10 to 1000 nm,
b) of the cathode is from 3 to 300 nm,
c) of the layer comprising the conductive polymer is from 10 to 500 nm, and/or
d) of the hole-injection layer is from 5 to 500 nm.

### Claim 26 (depends on 21)

The electronic device according to claim 21, wherein the electronic device is selected from the group consisting of organic electroluminescent device, organic integrated circuit, organic field-effect transistor, organic thin-film transistor, organic light-emitting transistor, organic solar cell, organic optical detector, organic photoreceptor, organic field-quench device, organic light-emitting electrochemical cell or organic laser diode.

### Claim 27 (depends on 20)

The electronic device according to claim 20, comprising a layer, arranged between the cathode and the layer comprising the blend, comprising PEDOT:PSS.

### Claim 28

A compound of the following formula (Ia)
wherein
L is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a single covalent bond or a straight-chain alkylene group having 1 to 20 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkylene group having 3 to 20 C atoms, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R1, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups is optionally replaced by R2C═CR2, C≡C, Si(R2)2, Ge(R2)2, Sn(R2)2, C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR2, P(═O)(R2), SO, SO2, NR2, O, S or CONR2 and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2;
Ar1 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a divalent, mono- or polycyclic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R1;
Ar2 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a mono- or polycyclic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R1;
Q is a unit selected from the group consisting of a group —X(=A)-, where A=O, S, Se or Te, and mono- or polycyclic aromatic ring systems having 6 to 60 aromatic carbon atoms or mono- or polycyclic heteroaromatic ring systems having 2 to 50 aromatic carbon atoms;
m is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
l is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
s is 1 in the case of Q=—X(=A)-; is 1 to 5, in the case where Q is selected from the group consisting of mono- or polycyclic aromatic ring systems having 6 to 60 aromatic carbon atoms or mono- or polycyclic heteroaromatic ring systems having 2 to 50 aromatic carbon atoms; and is 1 or 2 in the case m=0;
R1 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, D, F, Cl, Br, I, N(Ar3)2, CN, NO2, Si(R2)3, B(OR2)2, C(═O)Ar3, P(═O)(Ar3)2, S(═O)Ar3, S(═O)2Ar3, —CR2═CR2(Ar3), a mono- or polycyclic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, tosylate, triflate, OSO2R2, a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 40 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 3 to 40 C atoms, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R2, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups is optionally replaced by R2C═CR2, C≡C, Si(R2)2, Ge(R2)2, Sn(R2)2, C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR2, P(═O)(R2), SO, SO2, NR2, O, S or CONR2 and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2, or a combination of these systems; where two or more adjacent substituents R1 may also be linked to one another via a single covalent bond or a divalent group Z;
X is selected from the group consisting of C, P(Ar4), S and SO;
R2 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 C atoms, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups is optionally replaced by NH, O or S and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F, or a mono- or polycylic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 20 aromatic ring atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R3; where two or more substituents R2 may also be linked to one another via a single covalent bond or a divalent group Z;
R3 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 C atoms, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups is optionally replaced by NH, O or S and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F; where two or more substituents R3 may also be linked to one another via a single covalent bond or a divalent group Z;
Ar3 and Ar4 are on each occurrence, identically or differently, a mono- or polycyclic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R3;
Z represents a divalent group —(CR42)q—;
q is equal to 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;
R4 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 C atoms, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups is optionally replaced by NH, O or S and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F,
and the symbol P is a polymerisable group.