# US 8,784,945 B2 · Materials treatable by particle beam processing apparatus and methods of making the same > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,784,945 B2 - Document ID: US8784945B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 12/249,231 - Filed: 2008-10-10 - Published: 2009-02-05 - Granted: 2014-07-22 - Earliest claimed: 2004-04-14 - Assignees: Energy Sciences Inc. - Applicants: Imtiaz Rangwalla - Inventors: Imtiaz Rangwalla - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8784945B2 ## CPC - B41M 7/0081: {using electromagnetic radiation or waves, e.g. ultraviolet radiation, electron beams} - Y10T 428/1486: Ornamental, decorative, pattern, or indicia - Y10T 428/216: Ornamental, decorative, pattern, or indicia - Y10T 428/24851: Intermediate layer is discontinuous or differential - Y10T 428/24876: Intermediate layer contains particulate material [e.g., pigment, etc.] - Y10T 428/24901: including coloring matter - Y10T 428/24942: including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree - B41M: PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING, (correction of typographical errors B41J; processes for applying transfer pictures or the like B44C1/16; fluid media for correction of typographical errors by coating C09D10/00; printing textiles D06P) - Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION ## Abstract The present invention is directed to methods for making materials treatable by electron beam (EB) processing, such as materials for flexible packaging, comprising: providing a substrate; applying an ink formulation on at least a portion of the substrate, the ink formulation comprising ink and at least one monomer selected from acrylates, vinyl ethers, cycloaliphatic diepoxides, and polyols; and applying a lacquer on at least a portion of the ink formulation, the lacquer comprising at least one monomer selected from acrylates, vinyl ethers, cycloaliphatic diepoxides, and polyols. The processing apparatus for EB treating the material operates at a low voltage, such as 110 kVolts or below. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for making a layered material, comprising: providing a substrate; applying an ink formulation on at least a portion of the substrate, the ink formulation comprising an ink and at least one energy-curable monomer selected from acrylates, vinyl ethers, and cycloaliphatic diepoxides, wherein said ink is selected from air-dryable and thermally-dryable inks; drying the ink formulation, wherein said drying is not achieved by exposure to energy-curing radiation; applying a lacquer on at least a portion of the ink formulation, the lacquer comprising at least one energy-curable monomer selected from acrylates, vinyl ethers, and cycloaliphatic diepoxides, wherein at least a portion of said ink formulation and at least a portion of said lacquer are selected to permit at least some chemical bonding to each other, and wherein the acrylate in the ink formulation and/or lacquer is a multifunctional acrylate ester selected from acrylated polyols having a molecular weight ranging from 150 to 600; polyester acrylates having a molecular weight ranging from 1000 to 2000; polyether acrylates having a molecular weight ranging from 200 to 1500; polyester urethane acrylates having a molecular weight ranging from 400 to 2000; polyurea acrylates having a molecular weight ranging from 400 to 2000; and epoxy acrylates having a molecular weight ranging from 300 to 1000; and exposing the ink formulation and lacquer to an electron beam that causes polymerization of the monomers in the ink formulation and the lacquer. ### Claim 2 A method for making a layered material, comprising: providing a substrate; applying an ink formulation on at least a portion of the substrate, the ink formulation comprising an ink and at least one energy-curable monomer selected from acrylates, vinyl ethers, and cycloaliphatic diepoxides, wherein said ink is selected from air-dryable and thermally-dryable inks; drying the ink formulation, wherein said drying is not achieved by exposure to energy-curing radiation; applying a lacquer on at least a portion of the ink formulation, the lacquer comprising at least one energy-curable monomer selected from acrylates, vinyl ethers, and cycloaliphatic diepoxides, wherein at least a portion of said ink formulation and at least a portion of said lacquer are selected to permit at least some chemical bonding to each other, and wherein the acrylate in the ink formulation and/or lacquer is a multifunctional acrylate ester selected from pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, glycerol triacrylate, triacrylate ester of tris(2-hydroxy-ethyl)isocyanurate, hexanediol diacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexacrylate, and ethoxylated and propoxylated derivatives thereof; and exposing the ink formulation and lacquer to an electron beam that causes polymerization of the monomers in the ink formulation and the lacquer. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1, 2) The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electron beam is generated by a particle beam processing device operating at a voltage of 125 kVolts or less. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1, 2) The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electron beam is generated by a particle beam processing device operating at a voltage of 110 kVolts or less. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1, 2) The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electron beam emits an energy ranging from 0.5 Mrads to 10 Mrads. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1, 2) The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the polymerization is a free radical polymerization. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1, 2) The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lacquer and ink formulation comprise monomers selected from acrylates. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1, 2) The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ink formulation is applied by at least one method selected from flexography printing, rotor-gravure printing, offset lithography printing, and spray printing. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1, 2) The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lacquer is applied by at least one method selected from a roll coating application, an offset gravure application, and a direct gravure application. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1, 2) The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the substrate comprises at least one polymer selected from polyolefins, polyolefin copolymers, polystyrene, polyesters, polyamides, polyimides, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylchloride, polyvinyl dichloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylates, ionomers, polysaccharides, silicones, natural rubbers, and synthetic rubbers. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1, 2) The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lacquer has a normalized thickness ranging from 0.5 g/m2 to 20 g/m2. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1, 2) The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lacquer coats at least a portion of the ink formulation and the substrate surface. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1, 2) The method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a second substrate positioned on the lacquer. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1, 2) The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the chemical bonding is covalent. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1, 2) The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the chemical bonding is cross-linking. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1, 2) The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ink is selected from solvent and/or water-based inks. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1, 2) The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ink formulation comprises greater than 0% by weight to about 10% by weight of at least one energy-curable monomer selected from acrylates, vinyl ethers, and cycloaliphatic diepoxides.