# US 8,784,691 B2 · Conductive composites prepared using ionic liquids

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- Number: US 8,784,691 B2
- Document ID: US8784691B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 13/386,248
- Filed: 2010-07-19
- Published: 2012-09-27
- Granted: 2014-07-22
- Earliest claimed: 2009-07-24
- Assignees: The Board of Trustees of The University of Alabama
- Applicants: Scott K. Spear; Daniel T. Daly; Rachel M. Frazier; Robin D. Rogers; Anwarul Haque
- Inventors: Scott K. Spear; Daniel T. Daly; Rachel M. Frazier; Robin D. Rogers; Anwarul Haque
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8784691B2

## CPC

- H01M 12/06: with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
- H01B 1/122: {Ionic conductors}
- H01M 4/46: Alloys based on magnesium or aluminium
- H01M 4/66: Selection of materials
- H01M 12/08: composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
- H01M 8/0221: Organic resins; Organic polymers
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- Y02E 60/50: Fuel cells
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01B: CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES (selection for magnetic properties H01F1/00; waveguides H01P {; printed circuits H05K})
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

Disclosed are conductive composites prepared from ionic liquids, compositions for preparing the composites, and methods of making and using the composites.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A process for preparing a conductive composite, comprising:
a) contacting an electrically resistive material with an ionic liquid having at least one cation and at least one anion that comprises a transition metal, thereby producing a treated electrically resistive material where the anion is absorbed, adsorbed, or both onto at least a portion of the electrically resistive material; and
b) contacting the treated electrically resistive material with a monomer solution comprising a conductive polymer precursor to polymerize the polymer precursor into a conductive polymer, thereby forming the conductive composite.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the electrically resistive material comprises a fiber.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the electrically resistive material comprises cellulose.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the electrically resistive material comprises a cotton fiber.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the electrically resistive material comprises silk or wool.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the electrically resistive material comprises nylon, polyaramide, or polyester.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the electrically resistive material is contacted with the ionic liquid for a time from about 10 to about 20 minutes prior to contacting the treated electrically resistive material with the monomer solution.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the at least one cation and the at least one anion are present in a molar ratio of about 1:1.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the at least one anion comprises Fe(III).

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the at least one anion comprises Ni(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), Cu(II), or Ag(I).

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the at least one-anion is [FeCl4]−.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the at least one cation comprises a compound having a formula:
wherein R1 and R2 are independently a C1-C6 alkyl group or a C1-C6 alkoxyalkyl group, and R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9 are independently H, a C1-C6 alkyl, a C1-C6 alkoxyalkyl group, or a C1-C6 alkoxy group.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the at least one cation comprises a compound having a formula:
wherein R1 and R2 are independently a C1-C6 alkyl group or a C1-C6 alkoxyalkyl group, and R3, R4, and R5 are independently H, a C1-C6 alkyl group, a C1-C6 alkoxyalkyl group.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the catalytic ionic liquid comprises 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate ([C2mim][FeCl4]).

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the conductive polymer precursor comprises a compound having a pyrrole moiety.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the conductive polymer precursor comprises pyrrole.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the conductive polymer comprises a pyrrole residue.

### Claim 18 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the conductive polymer comprises polypyrrole represented by the formula:
wherein n is an integer from 2 to 100,000, and Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, amino, and halogen.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the at least one cation and the at least one anion are present in a molar ratio of about 1:2.

### Claim 20 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the at least one anion is [AgCl2]−.

### Claim 21 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the conductive composite has a resistance of less than about 3 kΩ at 1 cm at room temperature.

### Claim 22 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the conductive composite has a resistance of less than about 5 kΩ at 1 cm at room temperature.

### Claim 23 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, where the at least one anion further comprises one or more of a halogen, perchlorate, pseudohalogen, or C1-C6 carboxylate.

### Claim 24 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the treated electrically resistive material is removed from the ionic liquid before step b).