# US 8,784,669 B2 · Oxidation process > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,784,669 B2 - Document ID: US8784669B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 13/834,728 - Filed: 2013-03-15 - Published: 2013-10-24 - Granted: 2014-07-22 - Earliest claimed: 2007-07-26 - Applicants: Thomas W. Bain; Graham Edward Swales - Inventors: Thomas W. Bain; Graham Edward Swales - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8784669B2 ## CPC - C02F 1/78: with ozone {(C02F1/4672 takes precedence)} - G01N 33/18: Water - C02F 2209/44: Time - C02F 2301/066: Overpressure, high pressure - C02F 2303/04: Disinfection - Y02W 10/37: using solar energy - C02F: TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE (separation in general B01D; special arrangements on waterborne vessels of installations for treating water, waste water or sewage, e.g. for producing fresh water, B63J; adding materials to water to prevent corrosion C23F; treating radioactively-contaminated liquids G21F9/04; regeneration of reactants for recirculation into processes, see the relevant places for the processes) - G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q) - Y02W: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT ## Abstract A batch process for the treatment of an aqueous solution so that the treated product is more desirable for disposal includes obtaining an influent batch of aqueous solution for treatment, treating the batch of solution by an advanced oxidation process. The advanced oxidation process including causing ozone to be mixed with the solution, maintaining the mixture of solution and ozone at a pressure above atmospheric for a time of at least two seconds. In a preferred embodiment of the process, the process includes continuously recirculating the fluid to be treated, through a recirculation conduit, the recirculation conduit including an ozone injector and the ozone injector is adapted to inject ozone into the aqueous solution as the aqueous solution circulates through an ozone injector. Influent to be treated may be selected from the group including sewage, septage, leachate, ballast or other aqueous solutions where it is desirable to treat the fluid prior to disposal, further treatment, or reuse. The process is carried out to improve a level of disinfection and/or denutrification of the effluent. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A process for disinfecting a batch of an aqueous solution to be treated, wherein said process comprises: employing an apparatus that includes: a first part and a second part; the first part including a tank for receiving the aqueous solution to be treated; the second part including piping in fluid communication with said tank; said piping including an inlet mounted to draw the aqueous solution to be treated from said tank, said piping including an outlet mounted to return the aqueous solution to said tank; a pump mounted to urge the aqueous solution from said tank, through said second part, and then back into said tank; and a source of ozone operable to introduce ozone into said second part of said apparatus; establishing a batch of the aqueous solution to be treated in said tank, said batch of aqueous solution having a batch volume; urging flow of the aqueous solution to be treated through said second part of said apparatus; establishing a pressure portion of said second part of said apparatus upstream of said outlet, pressure in said pressure portion being an elevated pressure relative to pressure in said tank; maintaining the pressure in said pressure portion at a pressure of at least 1.5 atm, said step of urging including raising pressure in said aqueous solution to the pressure of said pressure portion; dissolving ozone in said aqueous solution; treating said aqueous solution with said ozone during passage thereof through said pressure portion while under the elevated pressure; and returning said aqueous solution to said tank; the step of returning including allowing said aqueous solution to return to the pressure of the tank; repeatedly recirculating said aqueous solution to be treated from said tank through said second portion and back to said tank for at least five minutes, until treatment of said batch has been completed; and said recirculating including recirculating a volume of flow corresponding to at least three and one third times said batch volume through said pressure portion during said process. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1 wherein said process includes maintaining said elevated pressure in said region of said second portion by one of (a) mounting an adjustable valve upstream of said outlet; (b) mounting a restrictor in said second portion upstream of said outlet; and (c) using an extra-long conduit of pipe mounted within said tank. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1 wherein said process includes mounting a restriction within said second portion downstream of said pump and upstream of said outlet, and using said restriction in conjunction with said pump to maintain said elevated pressure. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1 wherein said process includes off-gassing nitrogen from said tank during said process. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1 wherein said process additionally includes passing treated effluent through a filter after said treatment is completed to remove phosphorous. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1 wherein said process includes introducing said ozone into said pressure portion. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1 where an oxidation-reduction potential sensor is located within said second part. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The process of claim 7 wherein said process continues until the oxidation reduction potential of the aqueous solution to be treated exceeds +650 mV. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The process of claim 8 wherein said process continues until the oxidation reduction potential of the aqueous solution to be treated exceeds +800 mV. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1 wherein the pump is selected and operated to pump a flow volume of at least 10 times the batch volume during treatment thereof. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1 wherein said process continues for between 10 and 40 minutes. ### Claim 12 A batch process for the treatment of an aqueous solution, said batch process comprising: providing a treatment tank for holding said batch of aqueous solution, a recirculation conduit fluidly connected to said treatment tank at an inlet and an outlet, said recirculation conduit having an ozone injector, and a pump mounted to said conduit, said pump being operable to urge flow of said batch of aqueous solution through said recirculation conduit, said batch of aqueous solution thereby being urged past said ozone injector, establishing a batch of aqueous solution for treatment in the tank, said batch of aqueous solution having a batch size volume; treating said batch of aqueous solution by an advanced oxidation and denutrification process, said advanced oxidation and denutrification process including causing ozone to be mixed with said aqueous solution, said ozone acting on said aqueous solution to decrease the BOD thereof; said oxidation and denutrification process including recirculating the batch of aqueous solution through the recirculation conduit and continuously injecting ozone into the batch of aqueous solution while doing so; the advanced oxidation and denutrification process including providing a pressure portion of said recirculation conduit downstream of the ozone injector, maintaining said pressure portion of said recirculation conduit at a higher pressure than said tank, said pressure portion being maintained at a selected gauge pressure of at least one and a half atmospheres, and maintaining a selected residence time of said aqueous solution passing through said pressure portion of at least 2 seconds in said pressure portion, said ozone engaging said aqueous solution during said residence time; continuously returning said aqueous solution from said pressure portion to said tank, and continuously recirculating the batch of aqueous solution, said recirculating including operating said pump to pump a flow volume of at least three and one third times the batch size volume during said batch process, so that said batch of aqueous solution urged through said recirculation conduit by said pump is repeatedly pressurized and depressurized during treatment of thereof. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The process of claim 12 wherein the solution has a phosphorous content, and said process includes filtering said solution after said recirculation time, to reduce the phosphorus content of said treated solution and, disposing of said treated solution, after said filtering. ### Claim 14 A batch process for the treatment of an aqueous solution, said batch process comprising: obtaining an influent batch of aqueous solution for treatment, said batch of aqueous solution having a batch size volume, and said solution having a phosphorus content prior to disposal, treating said batch of aqueous solution by an advanced oxidation and denutrification process, said advanced oxidation and denutrification process including causing ozone to be mixed with said aqueous solution, said ozone acting on said aqueous solution to decrease the BOD thereof; providing a treatment tank for holding said batch of aqueous solution, a recirculation conduit fluidly connected to said treatment tank at an inlet and an outlet, said recirculation conduit having an ozone injector, and a pump mounted to said conduit, said pump being operable to urge flow of said batch of aqueous solution through said recirculation conduit, said batch of aqueous solution thereby being urged past said ozone injector, said oxidation and denutrification process including continuously recirculating the batch of aqueous solution through the recirculation conduit and continuously injecting ozone into the batch of aqueous solution as the batch of aqueous solution recirculates through the ozone injector, the advanced oxidation and denutrification process including providing a pressure portion of said recirculation conduit downstream of the ozone injector, maintaining said pressure portion of said recirculation conduit at a higher pressure than said tank, said pressure portion being maintained at a selected gauge pressure of at least one and a half atmospheres, and maintaining a selected residence time of said aqueous solution passing through said pressure portion of at least 2 seconds in said pressure portion, said ozone engaging said aqueous solution during said residence time; continuously returning said aqueous solution from said pressure portion to said tank, and continuously recirculating the batch of aqueous solution, for a recirculation time of at least 5 minutes before disposal, said recirculating including operating said pump to pump a flow volume of at least three and one third times the batch size volume during said batch process, whereby said batch of aqueous solution urged through said recirculation conduit by said pump is repeatedly pressurized and depressurized during treatment thereof; filtering said solution after said recirculation time to reduce the phosphorus content of said treated solution; and, disposing of said treated solution, after said filtering. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The process of claim 14 wherein said mixture is maintained at a selected pressure of at least 1.5 atmospheres for a selected time of at least 6 seconds in said pressure section. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The process of claim 15 wherein said mixture is maintained at a selected pressure of at least 1.5 atmospheres for a selected time of at least 12 seconds, in said pressure section. ### Claim 17 (depends on 14) The process of claim 14 wherein said mixture is maintained at a selected pressure of at least 2.0 atmospheres for a selected time of at least 2 seconds, in said pressure section. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The process of claim 15 wherein the influent comprises a nitrogen content prior to treatment and the process further comprises off gassing nitrogen gasses as said mixture of ozone and solution recirculates, said off gassing of nitrogen occurring from outside of said pressure portion of said recirculation conduit. ### Claim 19 (depends on 14) The process of claim 14 the process including degassing of said treated fluid, downstream of said pressure portion of said recirculation conduit, and removing said degassed gasses. ### Claim 20 (depends on 14) The process of claim 14 wherein said recirculation conduit includes a sensor to sense the oxidation/reduction potential of the aqueous solution, the process further comprising continuously circulating the aqueous solution through the conduit and through the ozone injector, until the ORP of the treated solution rises to a predetermined level. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The process of claim 20 wherein the processing is continued until the ORP is at least +650 mV. ### Claim 22 (depends on 20) The process of claim 20 wherein the process is continued until the ORP is at least +800 mV.