# US 8,784,624 B2 · Enzyme electrode

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- Number: US 8,784,624 B2
- Document ID: US8784624B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 12/309,222
- Filed: 2007-07-11
- Published: 2010-07-29
- Granted: 2014-07-22
- Earliest claimed: 2006-07-12
- Assignees: ARKRAY, Inc.
- Applicants: Koji Katsuki; Konomu Hirao; Kenji Nagakawa; Masashi Okamoto; Yoshiaki Fujinawa
- Inventors: Koji Katsuki; Konomu Hirao; Kenji Nagakawa; Masashi Okamoto; Yoshiaki Fujinawa
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8784624B2

## CPC

- C12Q 1/001: {Enzyme electrodes}
- C12Q: MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS (immunoassay G01N33/53); COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES

## Abstract

The present invention relates to an enzyme electrode including: a carbon particle; a metal particle held on the carbon particle, the metal particle having a catalytic activity against a redox reaction; a redox enzyme. The enzyme electrode of the present invention further includes a high-resistance particle enhancing an electrical resistance, the high-resistance particle being chemically stable. The high-resistance particle contains an inorganic substance, for example. The inorganic substance is aluminum oxide or smectite, for example.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An enzyme electrode comprising:
a carbon particle;
a metal particle held on the carbon particle, the metal particle having a catalytic activity against a redox reaction;
a redox enzyme; and
a high-resistance particle enhancing an electrical resistance, the high-resistance particle being chemically stable,
wherein the high-resistance particle creates electrical resistance of the enzyme electrode equal to or more than about 30 kΩ, and
wherein the high-resistance particle has a particle size of 3 to 150 nm.

### Claim 2

An enzyme electrode comprising:
a carbon particle;
a metal particle held on the carbon particle, the metal particle having a catalytic activity against a redox reaction;
a redox enzyme; and
a high-resistance particle enhancing an electrical resistance, the high-resistance particle being chemically stable,
wherein the high-resistance particle creates electrical resistance of the enzyme electrode equal to or more than about 30 kΩ,
wherein the high-resistance particle contains an inorganic substance,
wherein the inorganic substance is silicate, or primarily contains the silicate,
wherein the inorganic substance is a clay mineral, and
wherein the clay mineral is smectite.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The enzyme electrode according to claim 1, wherein the high-resistance particle contains an inorganic substance.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The enzyme electrode according to claim 3, wherein the inorganic substance is aluminum oxide.

### Claim 5 (depends on 3)

The enzyme electrode according to claim 3, wherein the inorganic substance is a hydrophilic fumed alumina.

### Claim 6 (depends on 3)

The enzyme electrode according to claim 3, wherein the inorganic substance is silicate, or primarily contains the silicate.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The enzyme electrode according to claim 6, wherein the inorganic substance is a clay mineral.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The enzyme electrode according to claim 1, wherein the metal particle contains a noble metal.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The enzyme electrode according to claim 8, wherein the noble metal is at least one selected from the group comprising of platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), gold (Au), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir) and osmium (Os).

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The enzyme electrode according to claim 9, wherein the noble metal is platinum (Pt).

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The enzyme electrode according to claim 1, wherein the metal particle has a particle size of 1 to 4 nm.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The enzyme electrode according to claim 1, wherein the carbon particle has a particle size of 3 to 150 nm.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The enzyme electrode according to claim 1, wherein the redox enzyme is a glucose dehydrogenase.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The enzyme electrode according to claim 13, wherein the glucose dehydrogenase is a glucose dehydrogenase (FADGDH) containing flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as a coenzyme.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The enzyme electrode according to claim 1, further comprising a binder for bonding the carbon particle.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The enzyme electrode according to claim 15, wherein the binder contains a petroleum wax or a fluorine sulfonic acid polymer.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The enzyme electrode according to claim 16, wherein the petroleum wax is at least one selected from the group comprising of a paraffin wax, a microcrystalline wax and petrolatum.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The enzyme electrode according to claim 17, wherein the petroleum wax is the paraffin wax.

### Claim 19 (depends on 16)

The enzyme electrode according to claim 16, wherein the fluorine sulfonic acid polymer is a sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based polymer.

### Claim 20 (depends on 7)

The enzyme electrode according to claim 7, wherein the clay mineral is smectite.