# US 8,784,443 B2 · Real-time surgical reference indicium apparatus and methods for astigmatism correction > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,784,443 B2 - Document ID: US8784443B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 12/582,671 - Filed: 2009-10-20 - Published: 2011-04-21 - Granted: 2014-07-22 - Earliest claimed: 2009-10-20 - Assignees: TrueVision Systems, Inc. - Applicants: Ashok Burton Tripathi - Inventors: Ashok Burton Tripathi - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8784443B2 ## CPC - A61B 34/20: Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis - A61B 3/13: Ophthalmic microscopes - A61B 34/10: Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations - A61B 34/25: {User interfaces for surgical systems} - A61B 90/20: Surgical microscopes characterised by non-optical aspects - A61B 90/37: {Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation} - A61F 9/007: Methods or devices for eye surgery - A61F 9/0136: {Mechanical markers} - A61B 2034/107: {Visualisation of planned trajectories or target regions} - A61B 2034/2057: {Details of tracking cameras} - A61B 2034/2065: {Tracking using image or pattern recognition} - A61B 2090/0807: {Indication means} - A61B 2090/3612: {with images taken automatically} - A61B 2090/365: {augmented reality, i.e. correlating a live optical image with another image} - A61B 2090/373: {using light, e.g. by using optical scanners} - A61B 2576/00: Medical imaging apparatus involving image processing or analysis (A61B1/00009, A61B6/52 and A61B8/52 take precedence) - A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D) - A61F: FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS (dental prosthetics A61C) ## Abstract Described herein are apparatus and methods for the generation of at least one user adjustable, accurate, real-time, virtual surgical reference indicium including data for making at least one limbal and/or corneal relaxing incision for use in astigmatism correcting procedures. The apparatus includes one or more real-time, multidimensional visualization modules, one or more data processors to produce real-time, virtual surgical reference indicia, and at least one user control input for adjusting the at least one real-time virtual surgical reference indicium including data for making at least one limbal and/or corneal relaxing incision. A method includes providing one or more real-time multidimensional visualizations of a target surgical field, identifying at least one visual feature in a pre-operative dataset, aligning the visual features with the multidimensional visualization, and incorporating one or more real-time, virtual surgical reference indicium including data for making at least one limbal and/or corneal relaxing incision into the real-time visualization. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus for guiding an astigmatism correcting procedure on an eye, said apparatus comprising: at least one real-time, multidimensional visualization module for producing real-time multidimensional visualizations; at least one data processor configured to generate in real-time: (i) at a first instant a first rotationally and positionally accurate multidimensional virtual indicium including data for making at least one limbal relaxing incision, at least one corneal relaxing incision, at least one astigmatic keratotomy incision, or a combination thereof on said eye in conjunction with a first real-time multidimensional visualization of at least a portion of said eye, and (ii) at a second instant a second rotationally and positionally accurate multidimensional virtual indicium including data for making the at least one limbal relaxing incision, the at least one corneal relaxing incision, the at least one astigmatic keratotomy incision, or the combination thereof on said eye in conjunction with a second multidimensional visualization of the at least a portion of said eye; and at least one display wherein said first and second real-time multidimensional visualizations are presented, wherein said second multidimensional visualization is generated in real time after motion of tissues or structures of said at least a portion of said eye presented on said display and the data processor is configured to automatically position the second indicium after the motion such that the second indicium remains in the same position as the first indicium relative to the at least a portion of said eye. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein at least one of said real-time multidimensional visualizations and at least one of said rotationally and positionally accurate virtual indicium including data for making the at least one limbal relaxing incision, the at least one corneal relaxing incision, the at least one astigmatic keratotomy incision or the combination thereof on said eye are stereoscopic. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said stereoscopic real-time visualization of at least one of said first and said second rotationally and positionally accurate stereoscopic virtual indicium including data for making the at least one limbal relaxing incision, the at least one corneal relaxing incision, the at least one astigmatic keratotomy incision, or the combination thereof on the eye is presented on said display at a desired depth with respect to said presentation of said real-time stereoscopic visualization of said tissues or structures of said eye. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein at least one user control input is in communication with said at least one data processor for adjusting said first rotationally and positionally accurate virtual indicium including data for making the at least one limbal relaxing incision, the at least one corneal relaxing incision, the at least one astigmatic keratotomy incision or the combination thereof. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said at least one data processor includes an input for receiving pre-operative patient data to generate said first rotationally and positionally accurate virtual indicium including data for making the at least one limbal relaxing incision, the at least one corneal relaxing incision, the at least one astigmatic keratotomy incision or the combination thereof. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said pre-operative patient data comprises at least one pre-operative stereoscopic still image. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said at least one pre-operative stereoscopic still image includes at least one specific visual feature identifiable by a surgeon to which said first rotationally and positionally accurate virtual indicium including data for making the at least one limbal relaxing incision, the at least one corneal relaxing incision, the at least one astigmatic keratotomy incision or the combination thereof is fixed in orientation thereto. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The apparatus according to claim 7 wherein said at least one specific visual feature identifiable by said surgeon comprises at least one structure selected from the group consisting of vasculature, vascular networks, vascular branching patterns, patterns in the iris, scratches on the cornea, dimples on the cornea, retinal features, the limbus, the pupillary boundary, deformities, voids, blotches, sequestered pigment cells, scars, darker regions, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 9 (depends on 5) The apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said at least one data processor utilizes said pre-operative patient data to align said first rotationally and positionally accurate virtual indicium including data for making the at least one limbal relaxing incision, the at least one corneal relaxing incision, the at least one astigmatic keratotomy incision or the combination thereof. ### Claim 10 (depends on 5) The apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said pre-operative patient data is captured under a dilation condition selected from the group consisting of natural dilation, chemical dilation and no dilation. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said at least one real-time, multidimensional visualization module is three dimensional (3D). ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said at least one real-time multidimensional visualization module is high definition (HD). ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a surgical microscope, wherein at least a portion of said apparatus is attached to said surgical microscope configured to observe at least a portion of said eye. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising a binocular configured to observe at least a portion of said eye. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The apparatus according to claim 14, further comprising an ocular bridge configured to provide a desired fraction of the total light captured by said surgical microscope in observance of said at least a portion of said eye to each of the said binocular and the said at least one real-time, multidimensional visualization module. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said ocular bridge is configured to provide an approximately identical field of view to each of the said binocular and the said at least one real-time, multidimensional visualization module. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising successive rotationally and positionally accurate multidimensional virtual indicia including data for making the at least one limbal relaxing incision, the at least one corneal relaxing incision, the at least one astigmatic keratotomy incision or the combination thereof on the eye, generated in real-time by said processor in successive instants, responsive to and in conjunction with said multidimensional visualization module, whereby successive respective real-time multidimensional visualizations of successive motion of tissues or structures of said eye presented on said display are followed by said successive indicia in real time.