# US 8,783,281 B2 · Fuel tank temperature and pressure management via selective extraction of liquid fuel and fuel vapor > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,783,281 B2 - Document ID: US8783281B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 12/880,461 - Filed: 2010-09-13 - Published: 2012-03-15 - Granted: 2014-07-22 - Earliest claimed: 2010-09-13 - Assignees: GM Global Technology Operations LLC - Applicants: Nicholas Carter; Richard W. Hurley; Mark D. Archer; Alec G. Woolley; Jon D. Edsell - Inventors: Nicholas Carter; Richard W. Hurley; Mark D. Archer; Alec G. Woolley; Jon D. Edsell - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8783281B2 ## CPC - F02M 21/0245: {High pressure fuel supply systems; Rails; Pumps; Arrangement of valves} - F02D 19/022: {to adjust the fuel pressure, temperature or composition} - F02D 19/023: {to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow} - F02D 19/027: {Determining the fuel pressure, temperature or volume flow, the fuel tank fill level or a valve position} - F02M 21/0212: {comprising at least 3 C-Atoms, e.g. liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], propane or butane} - F02M 21/0221: {Fuel storage reservoirs, e.g. cryogenic tanks} - F02M 21/06: Apparatus for de-liquefying, e.g. by heating - F17C 3/00: Vessels not under pressure - F17C 13/025: {having the pressure as the parameter} - F02D 41/0027: {the fuel being gaseous (non-electrical control F02D19/02)} - F17C 2205/0332: Safety valves or pressure relief valves - F17C 2205/0341: Filters - F17C 2221/035: Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL - F17C 2223/0153: Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL - F17C 2223/033: Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas - F17C 2227/0135: Pumps - F17C 2227/0178: in the vessel - F17C 2250/043: Pressure - F17C 2250/0439: Temperature - F17C 2250/0491: Parameters measured at or inside the vessel - F17C 2250/0626: Pressure - F17C 2250/0631: Temperature - F17C 2250/075: when full - F17C 2260/021: Avoiding over pressurising - F17C 2260/026: by calculation - F17C 2265/066: for feeding engines for propulsion - F17C 2270/0178: Cars - Y02T 10/30: Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels - Y10T 137/0396: Involving pressure control - Y10T 137/3115: Gas pressure storage over or displacement of liquid - Y10T 137/7837: Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type] - Y10T 137/86027: Electric - F02M: SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF - F02D: CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES (vehicle fittings, acting on a single sub-unit only, for automatically controlling vehicle speed B60K31/00; conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function, road vehicle drive control systems for purposes other than the control of a single sub-unit B60W) - F17C: VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES (storing fluids in natural or artificial cavities or chambers in the earth B65G5/00; construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil-engineering techniques E04H7/00; variable-capacity gas-holders F17B; liquefaction or refrigeration machines, plants, or systems F25) - Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION - Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION ## Abstract A method and apparatus for managing temperature and pressure of fuel in a fuel tank stored at or near its vapor pressure. In response to fuel feed pressure, a variable ratio of liquid fuel to fuel vapor is extracted from the fuel tank in order to regulate temperature and pressure of the fuel for the purpose of keeping the pressure lower in anticipation of refilling or to assist a vaporizer of the fuel system which is incompletely vaporizing the fuel. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for fuel tank temperature and pressure management for a fuel system utilizing a gaseous-phase fuel adapted fuel consumer, wherein the fuel is stored in the fuel tank as both liquid fuel and fuel vapor at substantially near a vapor pressure of the fuel, and wherein said fuel system is free of a return path from said fuel consumer to said fuel tank, said method comprising the steps of: obtaining fuel feed pressure of the fuel system; selectively extracting fuel from the fuel tank as substantially liquid fuel; and selectively extracting fuel from the fuel tank as substantially fuel vapor; wherein said steps of selectively extracting fuel provide the fuel system downstream of the fuel tank with fuel that is a variable ratio of the liquid fuel to the fuel vapor, said fuel comprising a mixture of said liquid fuel and said fuel vapor responsive to said step of obtaining to thereby provide at least one of: a) temperature and pressure regulation of the fuel within the fuel tank; and b) said fuel vapor to a vaporizer of the fuel system which is incompletely vaporizing said liquid fuel. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said steps of selectively extracting fuel provide selective removal from the fuel tank of chemical components of the fuel having relatively higher volatility. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said steps of obtaining and selectively extracting regulate the temperature and pressure of the fuel within the tank so that the pressure of the fuel within the fuel tank is generally kept below a predetermined pressure threshold which is related to refilling of the fuel tank. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein a minimum fuel feed pressure is required for operation of the fuel consumer; and wherein in said steps of selectively extracting, if the obtained fuel feed pressure is greater than or equal to the minimum fuel feed pressure, then the proportion of the fuel vapor in the ratio is increased. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein the proportion of the fuel vapor in the ratio is increased provided fuel pressure within said fuel tank is between a predetermined upper threshold pressure and a predetermined lower threshold pressure. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said step of selectively extracting fuel from the fuel tank as substantially fuel vapor comprises extraction of native fuel vapor from the fuel tank which upsets a vapor-liquid equilibrium of the fuel in the fuel tank so as to thereby cool the fuel in the fuel tank. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said step of selectively extracting fuel from the fuel tank as substantially fuel vapor comprises an in-tank evaporation process which absorbs latent heat to thereby cool the fuel in the fuel tank. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said step of selectively extracting fuel from the fuel tank as substantially fuel vapor comprises at least one of: extraction of native fuel vapor from the fuel tank which upsets a vapor-liquid equilibrium of the fuel in the fuel tank so as to thereby cool the fuel in the fuel tank; an in-tank evaporation process which absorbs latent heat to thereby cool the fuel in the fuel tank; and an in-tank pressure reduction process which absorbs the heat of expansion so as to thereby cool the fuel in the fuel tank. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said step of selectively extracting fuel from the fuel tank as substantially fuel vapor comprises both of: an in-tank evaporation process which absorbs latent heat to thereby cool the fuel in the fuel tank; and an in-tank pressure reduction process which absorbs the heat of expansion so as to thereby cool the fuel in the fuel tank. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said steps of obtaining and selectively extracting provide at least one of cooling and heating of the fuel within the fuel tank. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said steps of selectively extracting are performed by mechanically-controlled flow control devices. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said steps of selectively extracting are performed by electronically-controlled flow control devices. ### Claim 13 In an apparatus for managing fuel tank temperature and pressure of a fuel system utilizing a gaseous-phase fuel adapted fuel consumer, wherein the fuel is stored as both liquid fuel and fuel vapor at substantially near a vapor pressure of the fuel, said fuel system being free of a return path from said fuel consumer to said fuel tank, said apparatus comprising: a fuel tank; a vaporizer; a fuel line connecting said vaporizer to said fuel tank; a first fuel feed line having an inlet in fluidic communication with liquid fuel within said fuel tank; a second fuel feed line having an inlet in fluidic communication with fuel vapor within said fuel tank; a junction fluidically connecting said first fuel feed line to said second fuel feed line and to said fuel line downstream of said first and second fuel feed lines; and a flow control connected to at least one of said first and second fuel feed lines; the improvement thereto comprising: said flow control adjusting fuel flow relatively with respect to the liquid flow of said first fuel feed line to said junction and fuel vapor flow of said second fuel feed line to said junction as a variable ratio of liquid fuel to fuel vapor comprising a mixture of said liquid fuel and said fuel vapor responsive to a predetermined relationship with respect to fuel feed pressure in the fuel system to thereby provide at least one of: a) temperature and pressure regulation of the fuel within the fuel tank; and b) said fuel vapor to said vaporizer if said vaporizer is incompletely vaporizing said liquid fuel. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said flow control comprises at least one solenoid valve connected with at least one of said first fuel feed line and said second fuel feed line. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said flow control and said junction comprise a three-way solenoid valve having a first inlet connected to said first fuel feed line, a second inlet connected to said second fuel feed line, and an outlet connected to said fuel line downstream of said first and second fuel feed lines. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said flow control comprises a pressure activated valve connected with said second fuel flow line, said pressure activated valve varying fuel vapor flow to said junction responsive to changes in fuel feed pressure with respect to a reference pressure. ### Claim 17 An apparatus for managing fuel tank temperature and pressure of a fuel system utilizing a gaseous-phase fuel adapted fuel consumer, wherein the fuel is stored as both liquid fuel and fuel vapor at substantially near a vapor pressure of the fuel, said apparatus comprising: a fuel tank; a vaporizer; a fuel line connecting said vaporizer to said fuel tank; a first fuel feed line having an inlet in fluidic communication with liquid fuel within said fuel tank; a second fuel feed line having an inlet in fluidic communication with fuel vapor within said fuel tank; a junction fluidically connecting said first fuel feed line to said second fuel feed line and to said fuel line downstream of said first and second fuel feed lines; and a flow control connected to at least one of said first and second fuel feed lines, said flow control adjusting fuel flow relatively with respect to the liquid flow of said first fuel feed line to said junction and fuel vapor flow of said second fuel feed line to said junction; wherein said flow control adjusts the fuel flow as a variable ratio of liquid fuel to fuel vapor, said fuel comprising any of: a) all said liquid fuel, b) all said fuel vapor and c) a mixture of said liquid fuel and said fuel vapor, responsive to a predetermined relationship with respect to fuel feed pressure in the fuel system to thereby provide at least one of: a) temperature and pressure regulation of the fuel within the fuel tank; and b) said fuel vapor to said vaporizer if said vaporizer is incompletely vaporizing said liquid fuel; and wherein said flow control comprises: a fuel pump connected with said first fuel feed line; and a check valve connected to said second fuel feed line in operatively responsive relation to liquid fuel pumped by said fuel pump; wherein flow of fuel vapor from said second fuel feed line to said junction is regulated by pumping of fuel by said fuel pump. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said flow control further comprises at least one solenoid valve connected with at least one of said first feed fuel line and said second fuel feed line. ### Claim 19 An apparatus for managing fuel tank temperature and pressure of a fuel system utilizing a gaseous-phase fuel adapted fuel consumer, wherein the fuel is stored as both liquid fuel and fuel vapor at substantially near a vapor pressure of the fuel, said apparatus comprising: a fuel tank; a vaporizer; a fuel line connecting said vaporizer to said fuel tank; an in-tank evaporator assembly disposed within said fuel tank; an inlet in fluidic communication with liquid fuel within said fuel tank; an evaporator flow control connected to said inlet and said in-tank evaporator assembly, said evaporator flow control adjusting fuel flow from said inlet into said in-tank evaporator assembly; and at least one junction fluidically connecting said inlet to said in-tank evaporator assembly and to said fuel line downstream of said evaporator flow control; wherein said evaporator flow control adjusts the fuel flow into said in-tank evaporator assembly in order to provide vaporization of fuel passing therethrough such that a variable ratio of liquid fuel to fuel vapor is provided responsive to a predetermined relationship with respect to fuel feed pressure in the fuel system to thereby provide at least one of: a) temperature and pressure regulation of the fuel within the fuel tank; and b)) said fuel vapor to said vaporizer if said vaporizer is incompletely vaporizing said liquid fuel. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The apparatus of claim 19, wherein said in-tank evaporator assembly comprises: a fuel feed regulator; and an in-tank evaporator disposed downstream of said fuel feed regulator.