# US 8,783,043 B2 · Method for removal of entrained gas in a combined cycle power generation system

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- Number: US 8,783,043 B2
- Document ID: US8783043B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 12/503,177
- Filed: 2009-07-15
- Published: 2011-01-20
- Granted: 2014-07-22
- Earliest claimed: 2009-07-15
- Assignees: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
- Applicants: James C. Bellows
- Inventors: James C. Bellows
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8783043B2

## CPC

- F02C 6/18: using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants (using waste heat as source of energy for refrigeration plants F25B27/02; using the waste heat of a gasturbine for steam generation or in a steam cycle see F01K23/10)
- F01K 13/02: Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
- F01K 21/047: {having at least one combustion gas turbine}
- F01K 23/106: {with water evaporated or preheated at different pressures in exhaust boiler}
- F02C 3/30: Adding water, steam or other fluids {for influencing combustion, e.g. to obtain cleaner exhaust gases (F02C7/141, F02C7/30, F01D21/00, F01K21/04, F23D11/10 take precedence)}
- F22B 37/22: Drums; Headers; Accessories therefor
- F22G 1/165: {by electricity}
- F05D 2270/082: with as little NOx as possible
- Y02E 20/16: Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- F02C: GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS (construction of turbines F01D; jet-propulsion plants F02K; construction of compressors or fans F04; generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R; using gas turbines in compression refrigeration plants F25B11/00)
- F01K: STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES (gas-turbine or jet-propulsion plants F02; nuclear power plants, engine arrangements therein G21D)
- F22B: METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22G: SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
- F05D: INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

A combined cycle power generation system (10) includes a steam turbine (14, 16, 18), a combustion system (12) including a compressor (24), a combustion chamber (26), a gas turbine (28), and a HRSG (20) to generate steam with energy from the combustion turbine. A flow line (60, 70) passes superheated steam into the combustion chamber. In an associated method a first source of power is provided via a combustion process having a variable reaction temperature in a first turbine. A second source of power is provided via a second turbine. Components of the system are placed in a mode of increasing power output with steam generated from the HRSG, during which a portion of the steam is provided into a combustion chamber associated with operation of the second turbine.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A combined cycle power generation system comprising:
a steam turbine system;
a combustion turbine system including a compressor, a combustion chamber and a gas turbine;
a HRSG coupled between the combustion turbine and the steam turbine to generate steam with thermal energy received from the combustion turbine, the HRSG including a first stage configured to provide high pressure steam and a second stage configured to provide lower pressure steam;
a first condenser coupled to transfer working fluid from a low pressure stage of the steam turbine system to the HRSG;
a flow line connected between the HRSG and the combustion chamber of the turbine system to receive saturated steam created in the HRSG and pass steam into the combustion chamber;
a superheater positioned in the flow line between the HRSG and the combustion chamber to generate superheated steam from the saturated steam and provide the superheated steam to the combustion chamber; and
a second condenser configured in the flow line between either the first stage of the HRSG or the second stage of the HRSG and the superheater to (i) convert a portion of the steam in the flow line into liquid water and (ii) permit gravity flow of the liquid water back to the HRSG, the condenser reducing the amount of steam which must be transferred into the combustion chamber when transferring a given amount of carbon dioxide from the flow line into the combustion chamber.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The combined cycle power generation system of claim 1 wherein the flow line is connected between a drum in the first stage of the HRSG and the combustion chamber.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The combined cycle power generation system of claim 1 further including a valve positioned to selectively input amounts of the superheated steam from the flow line connected between the HRSG and the combustion chamber to receive saturated steam into the combustion chamber during start-up of the system.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The combined cycle power generation system of claim 3 wherein the system is configured to control operation of the valve to inject steam into the chamber so that combustion temperature in the combustion chamber is reduced.

### Claim 5 (depends on 3)

The combined cycle power generation system of claim 3 wherein the system is configured so that, during start-up, the flow line carries carbon dioxide mixed with the superheated steam into the combustion turbine.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The combined cycle power generation system of claim 5 wherein the system is configured so that the valve enables injection of carbon dioxide mixed with steam as soon as the steam is generated.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The combined cycle power generation system of claim 1 wherein the system is configured so that injection of the superheated steam reduces NOx emissions of the combustion turbine when operating at a partial load output level.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The combined cycle power generation system of claim 7 wherein the injection of the superheated steam reduces NOx emissions of the combustion turbine when operating at less than 75 percent of a full load output level.

### Claim 9

A method for operating a combined cycle power generation system of the type having (i) a Rankine cycle providing a first source of power via a first turbine, and (ii) a combustion process, having a variable reaction temperature, providing a second source of power via a second turbine, and a HRSG coupled between the first and second turbines to generate saturated steam with thermal energy received from the second turbine, the HRSG including a first stage configured to provide high pressure steam and a second stage configured to provide lower pressure steam, the power generation system including a first condenser coupled to transfer working fluid from a low pressure stage of the steam turbine system to the HRSG, the method comprising the steps of:
placing components of the system in a start-up mode in which the turbines generate increasing power output relative to maximum values and whereby the steam is generated with thermal energy received from the second turbine by evaporating working fluid from a liquid state with heat recovered from the combustion process;
providing, during the start-up mode, a portion of the saturated steam generated in the HRSG with thermal energy received from the second turbine to create superheated steam and injecting the superheated steam into a combustion chamber associated with operation of the second turbine; and
prior to creating the superheated steam, processing the saturated steam in a second condenser to increase concentration of carbon dioxide and return condensed steam to the Rankine cycle, where the second condenser is positioned to receive the saturated steam from either the first stage of the HRSG or the second stage of the HRSG before the portion of the saturated steam generated in the HRSG is provided with the thermal energy received from the second turbine to create the superheated steam.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9 wherein the process of providing steam into the combustion chamber during the start-up mode removes entrained gas from components of the system associated with operation of the Rankine cycle.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9 wherein the process of providing steam into the combustion chamber during the start-up mode reduces the reaction temperature of the combustion process.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9 wherein the process of providing steam into the combustion chamber during the start-up mode reduces NOx content of exhaust gas generated by the combustion process.

### Claim 13 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9 wherein a flow line carries a combination of carbon dioxide mixed with the superheated fluid into the combustion chamber thereby removing carbon dioxide from components associated with the Rankine cycle.

### Claim 14 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9 wherein injecting a portion of the gaseous mixture into the combustion chamber lowers the reaction temperature of the combustion process.

### Claim 15

A method for operating a combined cycle power system of the type having a Rankine cycle providing a first power component and a combustion process providing a second power component, comprising:
providing a source of working fluid, a component of which is in a liquid state during a portion of a Rankine cycle, the liquid state resulting from a first condensation of working fluid during transfer of the working fluid from a low pressure stage of the Rankine cycle;
generating steam in a HRSG having a first stage configured to provide high pressure steam and a second stage configured to provide lower pressure steam by evaporating a first portion of the working fluid with thermal energy received from the combustion process so that a portion of entrained gas present in the system mixes with the first portion to form a gaseous mixture;
during the start-up mode, the liquid state also resulting from a second condensation performed along a flow path which receives the saturated steam from either the first stage of the HRSG or the second stage of the HRSG before a remaining portion of the gaseous mixture is superheated along the flow path, the second condensation condensing a portion of the steam present in the gaseous mixture and returning condensed steam to the HRSG; and
after condensing the portion of the steam during the start-up mode, superheating said remaining portion the of the gaseous mixture and injecting said remaining superheated portion the of the gaseous mixture into a combustion chamber which provides the second power component.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15 wherein injection of the gaseous mixture into the chamber reduces NOx content of exhaust gas generated by the combustion process.

### Claim 17 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15 wherein injection of the gaseous mixture into the chamber reduces carbon dioxide content in the working fluid.