# US 8,770,941 B2 · Blade orientation of an impeller or propeller > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,770,941 B2 - Document ID: US8770941B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 13/319,620 - Filed: 2010-06-30 - Published: 2012-04-19 - Granted: 2014-07-08 - Earliest claimed: 2009-07-06 - Applicants: Mike Richard John Smith - Inventors: Mike Richard John Smith - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8770941B2 ## CPC - F03B 3/121: {Blades, their form or construction} - B63H 1/26: Blades - F03D 1/0608: {characterised by their aerodynamic shape} - F04D 29/181: {Axial flow rotors (F04D29/185 take precedence)} - F04D 29/384: {characterised by form} - F05D 2250/70: Shape - Y02E 10/20: Hydro energy - Y02E 10/72: Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction - F03B: MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS (positive-displacement engines for liquid F03C; machines for liquids and gases F01; positive-displacement machines for liquids F04, rotary fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type F16H41/00) - B63H: MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING (propulsion of air-cushion vehicles B60V1/14; specially adapted for submarines, other than nuclear propulsion, B63G; specially adapted for torpedoes F42B19/00) - F03D: WIND MOTORS - F04D: NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS (engine fuel-injection pumps F02M; ion pumps H01J41/12; electrodynamic pumps H02K44/02) - F05D: INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract Efficient impeller or propeller wherein at least one blade in a set of blades on a hub of said impeller is oriented with respect to the tilted plane rotated clockwise or counter clockwise in an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said impeller. At least one blade in a set of blades of the multi-set impeller may have the same or different sizes or the same or different tilted plane angle compared to at least one blade of the adjacent set or the blade of one set may have the same or different angle as viewed from the second end of the impeller from a reference plane along the longitudinal axis of the impeller compared to the angle of at least one blade of the adjacent set. The invention also includes: blade arrangement for multi-set impeller, inner hub length variations, and hub shapes for better efficiency and utility. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An impeller comprising: a hub with a horizontally oriented longitudinal axis, a first end, and a second end; a plurality of blades circumferentially arranged and attached to the hub, the blades extending outwardly from the hub, each of the blades having a root attached to the hub, a tip, a high pressure face, a low pressure face, a leading edge, and a trailing edge, said blades being either integral to the hub or detachable from the hub; and at least one of the blades oriented in relation to a tilted plane, the tilted plane rotated from a first vertical plane on a first axis of rotation wherein the first axis of rotation lies on the first vertical plane and the first axis of rotation is an intersection of the tilted plane and the first vertical plane, the first vertical plane perpendicularly intersecting the horizontally oriented longitudinal axis of the hub; wherein the tilted plane has a predetermined acute angle of between twenty degrees (20°) and seventy-eight degrees (78°) measured perpendicularly from the first vertical plane; wherein the blade has a first radial section cut by a first radial arc at about twenty percent (20%) of a radial length of the blade, and a second radial section cut by a second radial arc at about eighty percent (80%) of the radial length of the blade; wherein a center of the second radial arc and a center of the first radial arc lie on the horizontally oriented longitudinal axis of the hub; wherein the first section has a first blade line, the first blade line being a straight line connecting a leading edge and a trailing edge of the first section, the first blade line forming a first acute angle with the first vertical plane, measured perpendicularly from the first vertical plane, the first blade line having an angle equal to the predetermined acute angle; wherein the second section has a second blade line, the second blade line being a straight line connecting a leading edge and a trailing edge of the second section, the second blade line forming a second acute angle with the first vertical plane, measured perpendicularly from the first vertical plane, the second acute angle within twenty five percent (25%) of the predetermined acute angle; wherein the second blade line is located at one of the following locations: (i) between a first boundary plane of the tilted plane and a second boundary plane of said tilted plane, (ii) on the first boundary plane of the tilted plane, or (iii) on the second boundary plane of the tilted plane; wherein the first boundary plane and the second boundary plane share an axis of rotation, the axis of rotation being the first blade line; wherein the first boundary plane is rotated in a first direction and the second boundary plane is rotated in a direction opposite the first direction; wherein the first boundary plane and the second boundary plane are rotated from the tilted plane so that a first boundary plane acute angle from the tilted plane is about twenty-five percent (25%) of the predetermined acute angle of the tilted plane as measured from the tilted plane in the first direction, and wherein the second boundary plane acute angle is about twenty-five percent (25%) of the predetermined acute angle as measured from the tilted plane, and the second boundary plane of the tilted plane is rotated to the direction opposite the first direction. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the second acute angle is equal to the predetermined acute angle and the second blade line lies on the tilted plane. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the second acute angle is less than the predetermined acute angle, and the second blade line is between the tilted plane and the first boundary plane. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the second acute angle is less than the predetermined acute angle and the second blade line intersects the tilted plane. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the second acute angle is less than the predetermined acute angle, and the second blade line is off the tilted plane, and the second blade line is between the tilted plane and the second boundary plane. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the second acute angle is greater than the predetermined acute angle, and the second blade line is off the tilted plane, and the second blade line is between the tilted plane and the first boundary plane. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the second acute angle is greater than the predetermined acute angle, and the second blade line intersects the tilted plane. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the second acute angle is greater than the predetermined acute angle, and the second blade line is off the tilted plane, and the second blade line is between the tilted plane and the second boundary plane. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the second acute angle is equal to the predetermined acute angle, and the second blade line is off the tilted plane, and the second blade line is between the tilted plane and the first boundary plane. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the second acute angle is equal to the predetermined acute angle, and the second blade line is off the tilted plane and on the first boundary plane. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the second acute angle is equal to the predetermined acute angle, and the second blade line is off the tilted plane and between the tilted plane and the second boundary plane. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the second acute angle is equal to the predetermined acute angle, and the second blade line is off the tilted plane and on the second boundary plane. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of blades is on a blade assembly attached to the second end of the hub by a cap screw, and at least one blade of the blade assembly is welded to the hub. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of blades is on a blade assembly attached to the first end of the hub by a cap screw, at least one blade of the blade assembly welded to the hub. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) An impeller according to claim 1 wherein the blades of the impeller have a wide tip connected to the rim. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) An impeller according to claim 1 wherein the impeller is made of fibers and resins. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) An impeller according to claim 1 wherein the impeller is made of metal. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the second acute angle is within fifteen (15%) percent of the predetermined acute angle. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the second acute angle is within five (5%) percent of the predetermined acute angle. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the impeller is adapted for use in a hydroelectric turbine. ### Claim 21 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the impeller is adapted for use in a weapon system. ### Claim 22 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the impeller is adapted for use in a mixing system. ### Claim 23 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the impeller is adapted for use in a pump. ### Claim 24 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the impeller is adapted for use in a compressor. ### Claim 25 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the impeller is adapted for use in a drone. ### Claim 26 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the impeller is adapted for use in a wind turbine. ### Claim 27 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the impeller is adapted for use in an air vehicle. ### Claim 28 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of blades are attached to the hub in a detachable manner. ### Claim 29 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the impeller is adapted for use in a watercraft. ### Claim 30 (depends on 1) The impeller according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of blades are attached integrally to the hub. ### Claim 31 An impeller for adapted for an air vehicle comprising: a hub with a horizontally oriented longitudinal axis, a first end, and a second end; a plurality of blades circumferentially arranged and adjustably attached to the hub, the blades extending outwardly from the hub, each of the blades having a root attached to the hub, a tip, a high pressure face, a low pressure face, a leading edge, and a trailing edge; and at least one of the blades oriented in relation to a tilted plane, the tilted plane rotated from a first vertical plane on a first axis of rotation wherein the first axis of rotation lies on the first vertical plane and the first axis of rotation is an intersection of the tilted plane and the first vertical plane, the first vertical plane perpendicularly intersecting the horizontally oriented longitudinal axis of the hub; wherein the tilted plane has a predetermined acute angle of between twenty degrees (20°) and seventy-eight degrees (78°) measured perpendicularly from the first vertical plane; wherein the blade has a first radial section cut by a first radial arc at about twenty percent (20%) of a radial length of the blade, and a second radial section cut by a second radial arc at about eighty percent (80%) of the radial length of the blade; wherein a center of the second radial arc and a center of the first radial arc lie on the horizontally oriented longitudinal axis of the hub; wherein the first section has a first blade line, the first blade line being a straight line connecting a leading edge and a trailing edge of the first section, the first blade line forming a first acute angle with the first vertical plane, measured perpendicularly from the first vertical plane, the first blade line having an angle equal to the predetermined acute angle; wherein the second section has a second blade line, the second blade line being a straight line connecting a leading edge and a trailing edge of the second section, the second blade line forming a second acute angle with the first vertical plane, measured perpendicularly from the first vertical plane, the second acute angle within twenty five percent (25%) of the predetermined acute angle; wherein the second blade line is located at one of the following locations: (i) between a first boundary plane of the tilted plane and a second boundary plane of said tilted plane, (ii) on the first boundary plane of the tilted plane, or (iii) on the second boundary plane of the tilted plane; wherein the first boundary plane and the second boundary plane share an axis of rotation, the axis of rotation being the first blade line; wherein the first boundary plane is rotated in a first direction and the second boundary plane is rotated in a direction opposite the first direction; wherein the first boundary plane and the second boundary plane are rotated from the tilted plane so that a first boundary plane acute angle from the tilted plane is about twenty-five percent (25%) of the predetermined acute angle of the tilted plane as measured from the tilted plane in the first direction, and wherein the second boundary plane acute angle is about twenty-five percent (25%) of the predetermined acute angle as measured from the tilted plane, and the second boundary plane of the tilted plane is rotated to the direction opposite the first direction. ### Claim 32 An impeller for adapted for a wind turbine comprising: a hub with a horizontally oriented longitudinal axis, a first end, and a second end; a plurality of blades circumferentially arranged and adjustably attached to the hub, the blades extending outwardly from the hub, each of the blades having a root attached to the hub, a tip, a high pressure face, a low pressure face, a leading edge, and a trailing edge; and at least one of the blades oriented in relation to a tilted plane, the tilted plane rotated from a first vertical plane on a first axis of rotation wherein the first axis of rotation lies on the first vertical plane and the first axis of rotation is an intersection of the tilted plane and the first vertical plane, the first vertical plane perpendicularly intersecting the horizontally oriented longitudinal axis of the hub; wherein the tilted plane has a predetermined acute angle of between twenty degrees (20°) and seventy-eight degrees (78°) measured perpendicularly from the first vertical plane; wherein the blade has a first radial section cut by a first radial arc at about twenty percent (20%) of a radial length of the blade, and a second radial section cut by a second radial arc at about eighty percent (80%) of the radial length of the blade; wherein a center of the second radial arc and a center of the first radial arc lie on the horizontally oriented longitudinal axis of the hub; wherein the first section has a first blade line, the first blade line being a straight line connecting a leading edge and a trailing edge of the first section, the first blade line forming a first acute angle with the first vertical plane, measured perpendicularly from the first vertical plane, the first blade line having an angle equal to the predetermined acute angle; wherein the second section has a second blade line, the second blade line being a straight line connecting a leading edge and a trailing edge of the second section, the second blade line forming a second acute angle with the first vertical plane, measured perpendicularly from the first vertical plane, the second acute angle within twenty five percent (25%) of the predetermined acute angle; wherein the second blade line is located at one of the following locations: (i) between a first boundary plane of the tilted plane and a second boundary plane of said tilted plane, (ii) on the first boundary plane of the tilted plane, or (iii) on the second boundary plane of the tilted plane; wherein the first boundary plane and the second boundary plane share an axis of rotation, the axis of rotation being the first blade line; wherein the first boundary plane is rotated in a first direction and the second boundary plane is rotated in a direction opposite the first direction; wherein the first boundary plane and the second boundary plane are rotated from the tilted plane so that a first boundary plane acute angle from the tilted plane is about twenty-five percent (25%) of the predetermined acute angle of the tilted plane as measured from the tilted plane in the first direction, and wherein the second boundary plane acute angle is about twenty-five percent (25%) of the predetermined acute angle as measured from the tilted plane, and the second boundary plane of the tilted plane is rotated to the direction opposite the first direction.