System and method for detecting and measuring phenomena relating to altimetric variations in the seafloor

A method for detecting and measuring phenomena of altimetric variation of the seafloor, the method comprising:

• installing a plurality of elements reflecting sound waves at the seafloor so as to form a reference path for an autonomous submarine vehicle equipped with at least one interferometric sonar sensor;
• making said autonomous submarine vehicle pass at a predetermined depth along the reference path formed from said plurality of elements reflecting the sound waves;
• sending at least one acoustic signal towards the seafloor;
• acquiring a plurality of images of the seafloor generated by the reflection of said acoustic signals sent, said images of the seafloor comprising at least one signal reflected by said reflecting elements;
• analyzing said images acquired to determine and quantify altimetric variations.