# US 8,751,899 B2 · Handling burst error events with interleaved Reed-Solomon (RS) codes > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,751,899 B2 - Document ID: US8751899B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 13/692,020 - Filed: 2012-12-03 - Published: 2013-08-22 - Granted: 2014-06-10 - Earliest claimed: 2008-11-26 - Assignees: Broadcom Corporation - Applicants: Broadcom Corporation - Inventors: Thomas J. Kolze - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8751899B2 ## CPC - H03M 13/17: Burst error correction, e.g. error trapping, Fire codes - H03M 13/1515: {Reed-Solomon codes} - H03M 13/152: {Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem [BCH] codes} - H03M 13/1545: {Determination of error locations, e.g. Chien search or other methods or arrangements for the determination of the roots of the error locator polynomial} - H03M 13/155: {Shortening or extension of codes} - H03M 13/2732: {Convolutional interleaver; Interleavers using shift-registers or delay lines like, e.g. Ramsey type interleaver} - H03M 13/373: {with erasure correction and erasure determination, e.g. for packet loss recovery or setting of erasures for the decoding of Reed-Solomon codes} - H03M 13/618: {Shortening and extension of codes} - H03M 13/6561: {Parallelized implementations} - H04L 1/0045: {Arrangements at the receiver end} - H04L 1/0057: {Block codes (H04L1/0061, H04L1/0064 take precedence)} - H04L 1/0071: {Use of interleaving (interleaving per se H03M13/27)} - H03M: CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL (using fluidic means F15C4/00; optical analogue/digital converters G02F7/00; coding, decoding or code conversion, specially adapted for particular applications, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. G01D, G01R, G06F, G06T, G09G, G10L, G11B, G11C, H04B, H04L, H04M, H04N; ciphering or deciphering for cryptography or other purposes involving the need for secrecy G09C) - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) ## Abstract Handling burst error events with interleaved Reed-Solomon (RS) codes. A received signal, that has undergone convolutional interleaving sometime before, is received from a burst noise affected communication channel. The signal undergoes convolutional deinterleaving and the codewords generated there from undergo appropriate successive cyclic shifting to arrange burst noise affected symbols of various codewords into at least some common symbol locations. For example, at least two codewords have burst noise affected symbols in common symbol locations. An ensemble decoder jointly decodes multiple codewords during a same time period (i.e., processes multiple codewords simultaneously). By processing multiple codewords simultaneously, the ensemble decoder has greater error correction capability than a decoder that processes a single codeword at a time. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus comprising: a communication interface configured to receive a burst noise affected signal with a plurality of information bits encoded therein based on an low density parity check (LDPC) code; a convolutional deinterleaver configured to deinterleave the signal to generate a first plurality of codewords; a shift module configured to shift cyclically the first plurality of codewords to generate a second plurality of codewords, including a first LDPC codeword and a LDPC second codeword, wherein a first burst noise affected symbol in the first LDPC codeword in a common symbol location as a second burst noise affected symbol in the second LDPC codeword; and an ensemble decoder configured to decode jointly the first LDPC codeword and the second LDPC codeword to generate a plurality of estimates of the plurality of information bits. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the signal having undergone pre-shifting in at least one additional apparatus from which the signal transmitted to the apparatus via a burst noise affected communication channel. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a metric generator configured to: process the signal to generate a first plurality of metrics for use by the ensemble decoder; and process the first plurality of metrics, based on the plurality of estimates of the plurality of information bits or at least one of a channel fidelity estimate and a burst error detection associated therewith, to generate a second plurality of metrics for use in a subsequent decoding iteration of the ensemble decoder. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising: the ensemble decoder configured to decode jointly the first codeword and the second codeword having relatively greater error correction capability than a decoder to decode the first codeword and the second codeword by single codeword at a time processing. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising: a communication device that is operative within at least one of a satellite communication system, a wireless communication system, a wired communication system, and a fiber-optic communication system. ### Claim 6 An apparatus comprising: a communication interface configured to receive a burst noise affected signal with a plurality of information bits encoded therein based on an error correction code (ECC); and an ensemble decoder configured to decode jointly a first codeword and a second codeword, based on the signal, to generate a plurality of estimates of the plurality of information bits, wherein a first burst noise affected symbol in the first codeword in a common symbol location as a second burst noise affected symbol in the second codeword. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The apparatus of claim 6, wherein: the ECC is an low density parity check (LDPC) code; and the ensemble decoder is an ensemble LDPC decoder. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising: a convolutional deinterleaver configured to deinterleave the signal to generate a first plurality of codewords; and a shift module configured to shift cyclically the first plurality of codewords to generate a second plurality of codewords, including the first codeword and the second codeword, such that the first burst noise affected symbol in the first codeword in the common symbol location as the second burst noise affected symbol in the second codeword. ### Claim 9 (depends on 6) The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the signal having undergone pre-shifting in at least one additional apparatus from which the signal transmitted to the apparatus via a burst noise affected communication channel; and further comprising: a convolutional deinterleaver configured to deinterleave the signal to generate a first plurality of codewords; and a shift module configured to shift cyclically the first plurality of codewords to generate a second plurality of codewords, including the first codeword and the second codeword such that the first burst noise affected symbol in the first codeword in the common symbol location as the second burst noise affected symbol in the second codeword. ### Claim 10 (depends on 6) The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising: a convolutional deinterleaver configured to deinterleave the signal to generate a first plurality of codewords; and a shift module configured to shift cyclically successive codewords of the first plurality of codewords by successively and uniformly increasing or decreasing numbers of symbols to generate a second plurality of codewords that includes the first codeword and the second codeword. ### Claim 11 (depends on 6) The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising a metric generator configured to: process the signal to generate a first plurality of metrics for use by the ensemble decoder; and process the first plurality of metrics, based on the plurality of estimates of the plurality of information bits or at least one of a channel fidelity estimate and a burst error detection associated therewith, to generate a second plurality of metrics for use in a subsequent decoding iteration of the ensemble decoder. ### Claim 12 (depends on 6) The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising: the ensemble decoder configured to decode jointly the first codeword and the second codeword having relatively greater error correction capability than a decoder to decode the first codeword and the second codeword by single codeword at a time processing. ### Claim 13 (depends on 6) The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising: a communication device that is operative within at least one of a satellite communication system, a wireless communication system, a wired communication system, and a fiber-optic communication system. ### Claim 14 A method for execution by a communication device, the method comprising: via a communication interface of the communication device, receiving a burst noise affected signal with a plurality of information bits encoded therein based on an error correction code (ECC); and decoding jointly a first codeword and a second codeword, based on the signal, to generate a plurality of estimates of the plurality of information bits, wherein a first burst noise affected symbol in the first codeword in a common symbol location as a second burst noise affected symbol in the second codeword. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, wherein: the ECC is an low density parity check (LDPC) code; and the ensemble decoder is an ensemble LDPC decoder. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14 further comprising: convolutionally deinterleaving the signal to generate a first plurality of codewords; and cyclically shifting the first plurality of codewords to generate a second plurality of codewords, including the first codeword and the second codeword, such that the first burst noise affected symbol in the first codeword in the common symbol location as the second burst noise affected symbol in the second codeword. ### Claim 17 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, wherein the signal having undergone pre-shifting in at least one additional communication device from which the signal transmitted to the communication device via a burst noise affected communication channel; and further comprising: convolutionally deinterleaving the signal to generate a first plurality of codewords; and cyclically shifting the first plurality of codewords to generate a second plurality of codewords, including the first codeword and the second codeword, such that the first burst noise affected symbol in the first codeword in the common symbol location as the second burst noise affected symbol in the second codeword. ### Claim 18 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14 further comprising: convolutionally deinterleaving the signal to generate a first plurality of codewords; and cyclically shifting successive codewords of the first plurality of codewords by successively and uniformly increasing or decreasing numbers of symbols to generate a second plurality of codewords that includes the first codeword and the second codeword. ### Claim 19 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14 further comprising: processing the signal to generate a first plurality of metrics for use in the decoding jointly of the first codeword and the second codeword; and processing the first plurality of metrics, based on the plurality of estimates of the plurality of information bits or at least one of a channel fidelity estimate and a burst error detection associated therewith, to generate a second plurality of metrics for use in a subsequent joint decoding iteration. ### Claim 20 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, wherein the communication device is operative within at least one of a satellite communication system, a wireless communication system, a wired communication system, and a fiber-optic communication system.