# US 8,751,097 B2 · State estimation, diagnosis and control using equivalent time sampling

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- Number: US 8,751,097 B2
- Document ID: US8751097B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 13/104,629
- Filed: 2011-05-10
- Published: 2012-11-15
- Granted: 2014-06-10
- Earliest claimed: 2011-05-10
- Assignees: GM Global Technology Operations LLC; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Applicants: Soumen De; Pattada A. Kallappa; Pulak Bandyopadhyay; Siddhartha Mukhopadhyay; Somnath Sengupta; Alok Kanti Deb
- Inventors: Soumen De; Pattada A. Kallappa; Pulak Bandyopadhyay; Siddhartha Mukhopadhyay; Somnath Sengupta; Alok Kanti Deb
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8751097B2

## CPC

- G05B 17/02: electric
- G05B 21/02: electric
- G05B 23/0254: {based on a quantitative model, e.g. mathematical relationships between inputs and outputs; functions: observer, Kalman filter, residual calculation, Neural Networks}
- G05B: CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS (systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables G05D; systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables G05F; control devices or systems insofar as characterised by mechanical features only G05G)

## Abstract

A method and system for using Equivalent Time Sampling to improve the effective sampling rate of sensor data, and using the improved-resolution data for diagnosis and control. Data samples from existing sensors are provided, where the sampling rate of the existing sensors is not sufficient to accurately characterize the parameters being measured. High-resolution data sets are reconstructed using Equivalent Time Sampling. High-resolution input data sets are used in a system model to simulate the performance of the system being measured. Results from the system model, and high-resolution output data sets from Equivalent Time Sampling, are provided to an estimator, which provides accurate estimation of measured quantities and estimation of quantities not measured. Output from the estimator is used for fault diagnosis and control of the system being measured.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for state estimation, diagnosis and control of a hardware system, said method comprising:
acquiring low-sampling-rate data from the hardware system;
applying, using a microprocessor, Equivalent Time Sampling (ETS) to the low-sampling-rate data to construct high-sampling-rate data;
using the high-sampling-rate data constructed via ETS in a system model to simulate performance of the hardware system;
characterizing performance of the hardware system using numerical estimators applied to output from the system model and the high-sampling-rate data, including comparing the high-sampling-rate data to the output from the system model; and
using output from the numerical estimators for monitoring and configuring operation of the hardware system.

### Claim 2

A state estimation, diagnosis and control system for a machine, said system comprising:
one or more sensors for acquiring low-sampling-rate data from the machine in operation; and
a controller in communication with the sensors and the machine, said controller including a microprocessor configured with an algorithm including:
an Equivalent Time Sampling (ETS) module for using the low-sampling-rate data from the sensors to construct high-sampling-rate data;
a system model for simulating performance of the machine using the high-sampling-rate data constructed via ETS as input;
an estimator module for characterizing the performance of the machine using output of the system model and the high-sampling-rate data, including comparing the high-sampling-rate data to the output of the system model; and
an applications module for monitoring and configuring operation of the machine based on output of the estimator module.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The system of claim 2 wherein the machine is an engine in an automobile.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein characterizing performance of the hardware system using numerical estimators includes using Kalman filtering or extended Kalman filtering.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein using output from the numerical estimators for monitoring and configuring operation of the hardware system includes fault detection and diagnosis for the hardware system.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein using output from the numerical estimators for monitoring and configuring operation of the hardware system includes supervisory control of the hardware system.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein the hardware system is an engine in an automobile.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7 wherein the system model includes simulation of air intake, fuel delivery, combustion and exhaust in the engine.

### Claim 9

A method for state estimation, diagnosis and control of an engine in an automobile, said method comprising:
acquiring low-sampling-rate cylinder pressure data from the engine;
applying, using a microprocessor, Equivalent Time Sampling (ETS) to the low-sampling-rate cylinder pressure data to construct high-sampling-rate cylinder pressure data;
using the high-sampling-rate cylinder pressure data constructed via ETS in a system model to simulate performance of the engine;
characterizing performance of the engine using numerical estimators applied to the high-sampling-rate cylinder pressure data and output from the system model, including comparing the high-sampling-rate cylinder pressure data to the output from the system model, where characterizing performance of the engine includes characterizing air intake, fuel delivery, combustion and exhaust in the engine; and
using output from the numerical estimators for monitoring and configuring operation of the engine.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9 wherein characterizing performance of the engine using numerical estimators includes using Kalman filtering or extended Kalman filtering.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9 wherein using output from the numerical estimators for monitoring and configuring operation of the engine includes fault detection and diagnosis for the engine.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9 wherein using output from the numerical estimators for monitoring and configuring operation of the engine includes supervisory control of the engine.

### Claim 13 (depends on 3)

The system of claim 3 wherein the system model simulates air intake, fuel delivery, combustion and exhaust in the engine.

### Claim 14 (depends on 2)

The system of claim 2 wherein the applications module includes fault detection and diagnosis for the machine.

### Claim 15 (depends on 2)

The system of claim 2 wherein the applications module includes supervisory control of the machine.

### Claim 16 (depends on 2)

The system of claim 2 wherein the estimator module uses Kalman filtering or extended Kalman filtering.