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US 8,648,319 B2Granted
Device for generating THz radiation with free electron beams
OwnerHans W. P. Koopsinventor
Life of this patent
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device for generating electromagnetic THz radiation with free electron beams, comprising a dynatron tube, where the dynatron tube comprises an electron source, an extraction grid, and, an anode preferably coated with a material composition for high secondary electron emission, arranged in vacuum. The dynatron tube is connected to a voltage supply supplying an extractor voltage and an anode voltage and the extractor voltage is higher than the anode voltage. An oscillator modulates the anode voltage and the anode voltage is set to a work point voltage.
Claims20
Device (10, 40, 60, 105, 150) for generating electromagnetic THz radiation with free electron beams (54, 56, 78, 190, 192), comprising:
- an oscillator (26, 47, 66, 196) supplying an alternating oscillator voltage with a frequency from 0.1 THz to 10 THz, said frequency corresponds to a wavelength of 3000 μm to 30 μm;
- a dynatron tube (22, 99, 130, 180);
- said dynatron tube (22, 99, 130) comprises:
- an electron source (12, 58, 72, 76, 96, 124,);
- an extraction grid (14, 14, 68, 64, 82);
- and, an anode (16, 46, 70, 84, 102) preferably coated with a material composition for high secondary electron emission;
- said dynatron tube (22, 99, 130, 180) is arranged in a vacuum;
- a voltage supply (24, 52);
- said dynatron tube (22, 99, 130, 180) is connected to said voltage supply (24, 52), said voltage supply providing an extractor voltage between said electron source (12, 58, 72, 76, 96, 124) and said extraction grid (14, 44, 20 68, 64, 82);
- a voltage divider;
- a work point voltage extracted from said voltage divider;
- said work point voltage is combined with said oscillator voltage to supply an anode voltage;
- said anode voltage is the potential difference between said electron source (12, 58, 72, 76, 96, 124) and said anode (16, 46, 70, 84, 102);
- said anode voltage is lower than said extractor voltage;
- said work point voltage extracted at a voltage where said anode current becomes zero;
- said extraction grid (14, 44, 68, 64, 82) and said anode (16, 46, 70, 84, 102) of said dynatron tube (22, 99, 130, 180) are positioned in proximity to each other within a distance smaller than half of the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation to be emitted;
- said oscillator voltage accelerates a positive primary free electron beam from said electron source to said anode (16, 46, 70, 84, 102) in a first half of said voltage swing of said oscillator voltage, and, in a second half of said voltage swing of said oscillator voltage said primary free electron beam is accelerated such that it generates a secondary free electron beam at said anode that is emitted from said anode (16, 46, 70, 84, 102) to said extraction grid (14, 44, 68, 64, 82, 186, 188);
- said secondary free electron beam has as a maximum value twice as many electrons as said primary free electron beam and therefore a charge flow in reverse direction to said primary electron beam results and, therefore, said alternating oscillator voltage leads to free electron beams flying in alternating directions, which emit electromagnetic radiation with a frequency from 0.1 THz to 10 THz;
- a first triode structure (182) and a second triode structure (184);
- said dynatron tube (22, 99, 130, 180) is connected to said first and second triode structures (182, 184);
- said first triode structure (182) includes a first extraction grid (186) and said second triode structure (184) includes a second extraction grid (188);
- said oscillator voltage is applied to said first extraction grid (186) of said first triode structure (182);
- said first extraction grid includes a first extraction voltage which matches said oscillator voltage;
- a capacitor (194);
- said first triode (182) and said second triode structure (184) are connected to said oscillator, said capacitor (194) interposed between said first extraction grid (186) of said first triode (182) and said second extraction grid (188) of said second triode structure (184);
- said oscillator voltage is supplied to said second extraction grid (188) of said second triode structure;
- said second extraction grid includes a second extraction voltage which matches said oscillator voltage;
- electrons are emitted as a first free triode electron beam (190) from said first triode structure (182) in a first half-wave of said oscillator voltage used as said extraction voltage supplied by said oscillator (196) of said dynatron;
- said second triode structure (184) is connected to said oscillator (26, 47, 66, 194, 196) via a capacitor (194) which reverses said oscillator voltage controlling said emission of said second triode;
- due to said capacitor (194) a second free triode electron beam (192) is emitted by said second triode structure (184) in a negative voltage drop of a second half wave of said oscillator voltage used as said extraction voltage in said second triode structure (184);
- a resonator (204) is positioned within said triode structure (182);
- a resonator (206) is positioned within said triode structure (184);
- each of said resonators (204, 206) comprise at least one hole that allows traveling of said free triode electron beams through said resonator (204, 206);
- each of said resonators (204, 206) of said triodes are embodied as anodes;
- and,
- each of said anode voltages is higher than said respective triode extractor voltages.
33 more elements
Device (10, 40, 60, 105, 150) for generating electromagnetic THz radiation with free electron beams (54, 56, 78, 190, 192), comprising:
- an oscillator (26, 47, 66, 194, 196) supplying an alternating oscillator voltage with a frequency from 0.1 THz to 10 THz, said frequency corresponds to a wavelength of 3000 μm to 30 μm;
- a dynatron tube (22, 99, 130, 180), said dynatron tube (22, 99, 130, 180) comprises:
- an electron source (12, 58, 72, 76, 96, 124);
- an extraction grid (14, 44, 68, 64, 82) and, an anode (16, 46, 70, 84, 102) preferably coated with a material composition for high secondary electron emission;
- said dynatron tube (22, 99, 130, 180) is arranged in a vacuum;
- a voltage supply (24, 52);
- said dynatron tube (22, 99, 130, 180) is connected to said voltage supply (24, 52), said voltage supply providing an extractor voltage between said electron source (12, 58, 72, 76, 96, 124) and said extraction grid (14, 44, 68, 64, 82);
- a voltage divider;
- a work point voltage is extracted from said voltage divider;
- said work point voltage is combined with said oscillator voltage to supply an anode voltage;
- said anode voltage is the potential difference between said electron source (12, 58, 72, 76, 96, 124) and said anode (16, 46, 70, 84, 102);
- said anode voltage is lower than said extractor voltage;
- said work point voltage is extracted at a voltage where said anode current becomes zero;
- said extraction grid (14, 44, 68, 64, 82) and said anode (16, 46, 70, 84, 102) of said dynatron tube (22, 99, 130, 180) are positioned in proximity to each other within a distance smaller than half of the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation emitted;
- said oscillator voltage accelerates a positive primary free electron beam from said electron source (12, 58, 72, 76, 96, 124) to said anode (16, 46, 70, 84, 102) in a first half of said voltage swing of said oscillator voltage, and, in a second half of said voltage swing of said oscillator voltage said primary free electron beam is accelerated such that it generates a secondary free electron beam at said anode (16, 46, 70, 84, 102) that is emitted from said anode (16, 46, 70, 84, 102) to said extraction grid (14, 44, 68, 64, 82, 186, 188);
- and,
- said secondary free electron beam has as a maximum value twice as many electrons as said primary free electron beam and therefore a charge flow in reverse direction to said primary electron beam results and, therefore, said alternating oscillator voltage leads to free electron beams flying in alternating directions, which emit electromagnetic radiation with a frequency from 0.1 THz to 10 THz.
14 more elements
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.