Transducer

A transducer comprising:

• a first electrode;
• a second electrode disposed over the first electrode such that the first electrode and the second electrode form respective capacitive electrodes of a capacitor, the second electrode comprising a core portion and a peripheral portion;
• a third electrode disposed relative to the second electrode such that the third electrode overlaps with the peripheral portion of the second electrode;
• and
• a piezoelectric element disposed between the peripheral portion of the second electrode and the third electrode, so as to tune a tensional force provided by the piezoelectric element onto the second electrode by varying a piezoelectric voltage applied between the second electrode and the third electrode, and
• wherein the core portion of the second electrode is free of any piezoelectric element.

A transducer, comprising:

• a first electrode;
• a second electrode disposed over the first electrode such that the first electrode and the second electrode form respective capacitive electrodes of a capacitor, the second electrode comprising a core portion and a peripheral portion;
• and
• a piezoelectric element disposed between the peripheral portion of the second electrode and the first electrode, so as to tune a tensional force provided by the piezoelectric element onto the second electrode by varying a piezoelectric voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode.