Variable transmission window

A variable transmission window comprising:

• a first glass substrate having a first transparent conductor coated surface coated with a first transparent conductor;
• a second glass substrate having a second transparent conductor coated surface coated with a second transparent conductor, said second substrate positioned relative to said first substrate with said first and second transparent conductor coated surfaces facing each other;
• wherein at least one of (i) said first transparent conductor has a thickness greater than about 300 angstroms and a sheet resistance less than about 100 ohms per square and (ii) said second transparent conductor has a thickness greater than about 300 angstroms and a sheet resistance less than about 100 ohms per square;
• wherein an interpane distance between said first and second substrates is from about 10 microns to about 1000 microns;
• an electrochromic medium disposed between said first and second glass substrates whereby the transmission of light through said electrochromic medium is changed when an electrical potential is applied thereto, wherein said electrochromic medium comprises a cross-linked film;
• wherein said electrochromic medium comprises at least one of (i) a viologen, (ii) a phenazine, (iii) 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine, (iv) a heptyl viologen, (v) a distryrylmethyl viologen, (vi) an ethylhydroxypropyl viologen, (vii) propylene carbonate, (viii) an ultraviolet stabilizer, (ix) a phenothiazine, (x) a metallocene, (xi) a cross-linked polymer, (xii) a plasticizer, (xiii) a film formed from curing an electrochromic monomer composition, (xiv) a film formed from curing an electrochromic monomer composition comprising hydroxyundecyl viologen perchlorate, diphenylpropyl viologen diperchlorate, a ferrocene-polyol, ferrocene and 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine dispersed in propylene carbonate in combination with an isocyanate, a polyol, a tin catalyst and a UV stabilizer, (xv) a film formed from curing an electrochromic monomer composition comprising hydroxyundecylphenylpropyl viologen diperchlorate, diphenylpropyl viologen diperchlorate and 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine dispersed in propylene carbonate in combination with an isocyanate, a polyol, a tin catalyst and a UV stabilizer, (xvi) a film formed from curing an electrochromic monomer composition comprising hydroxyundecyl viologen perchlorate, ethyl viologen perchlorate, a ferrocene-polyol, ferrocene and 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine dispersed in a mixture of tertraethyleneglycol dimethylether and tetramethylenesulfone in combination with an isocyanate, a polyol, a tin catalyst and a UV stabilizer, (xvii) a cathodic electrochromic compound, (xviii) an anodic electrochromic compound, (xix) a cathodic electrochromic compound and an anodic electrochromic compound and (xx) an electrochromic cross-linked polymer solid film;
• wherein at least one of (i) said window has a transmission in an unpowered state of at least about 60% of light incident thereon, (ii) said window has a transmission less than about 10% of light incident thereon when an electrical potential of about 1.3 V is applied to said electrochromic medium, and (iii) said window has a transmission in an unpowered state of at least about 60% of light incident thereon and said window has a transmission less than about 10% of light incident thereon when an electrical potential of about 1.3 V is applied to said electrochromic medium;
• wherein said window comprises an aeronautical glazing;
• and
• wherein said window is a large area glazing of an area of at least 99 square inches.

A variable transmission window comprising:

• a first glass substrate having a first transparent conductor coated surface coated with a first transparent conductor;
• a second glass substrate having a second transparent conductor coated surface coated with a second transparent conductor, said second substrate positioned relative to said first substrate with said first and second transparent conductor coated surfaces facing each other;
• wherein at least one of said first transparent conductor has a thickness greater than about 300 angstroms and a sheet resistance less than about 100 ohms per square and said second transparent conductor has a thickness eater than about 300 angstroms and a sheet resistance less than about 100 ohms per square;
• wherein an interpane distance between said first and second substrates is from about 10 microns to about 1000 microns;
• wherein said first glass substrate has a thickness of less than or equal to about 0.075 inches;
• an electrochromic medium disposed between said first and second glass substrates whereby the transmission of light through said electrochromic medium is changed when an electrical potential is applied thereto, wherein said electrochromic medium comprises a cross-linked film;
• wherein said electrochromic medium comprises at least one of (i) a viologen, (ii) a phenazine, (iii) 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine, (iv) a heptyl viologen, (v) a distryrylmethyl viologen, (vi) an ethylhydroxypropyl viologen, (vii) propylene carbonate, (viii) an ultraviolet stabilizer, (ix) a phenothiazine, (x) a metallocene, (xi) a cross-linked polymer, (xii) a plasticizer, (xiii) a film formed from curing an electrochromic monomer composition, (xiv) a film formed from curing an electrochromic monomer composition comprising hydroxyundecyl viologen perchlorate, diphenylpropyl viologen diperchlorate, a ferrocene-polyol, ferrocene and 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine dispersed in propylene carbonate in combination with an isocyanate, a polyol, a tin catalyst and a UV stabilizer, (xv) a film formed from curing an electrochromic monomer composition comprising hydroxyundecylphenylpropyl viologen diperchlorate, diphenylpropyl viologen diperchlorate and 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine dispersed in propylene carbonate in combination with an isocyanate, a polyol, a tin catalyst and a UV stabilizer, (xvi) a film formed from curing an electrochromic monomer composition comprising hydroxyundecyl viologen perchlorate, ethyl viologen perchlorate, a ferrocene-polyol, ferrocene and 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine dispersed in a mixture of tertraethyleneglycol dimethylether and tetramethylenesulfone in combination with an isocyanate, a polyol, a tin catalyst and a UV stabilizer, (xvii) a cathodic electrochromic compound, (xviii) an anodic electrochromic compound, (xix) a cathodic electrochromic compound and an anodic electrochromic compound and (xx) an electrochromic cross-linked polymer solid film;
• wherein at least one of (i) said window has a transmission in an unpowered state of at least about 60% of light incident thereon, (ii) said window has a transmission less than about 10% of light incident thereon when an electrical potential of about 1.3 V is applied to said electrochromic medium, and (iii) said window has a transmission in an unpowered state of at least about 60% of light incident thereon and said window has a transmission less than about 10% of light incident thereon when an electrical potential of about 1.3 V is applied to said electrochromic medium;
• wherein said window comprises one of (i) an aeronautical glazing and (ii) a vehicle glazing;
• and
• wherein said window is a large area glazing of an area of at least 99 square inches.

A variable transmission window comprising:

• a first substrate having a first transparent conductor coated surface coated with a first transparent conductor;
• a second substrate having a second transparent conductor coated surface coated with a second transparent conductor, said second substrate positioned relative to said first substrate with said first and second transparent conductor coated surfaces facing each other;
• wherein at least one of aid first transparent conductor has a thickness greater than about 300 angstroms and a sheet resistance less than about 100 ohms per square and (ii) said second transparent conductor has a thickness greater than about 300 angstroms and a sheet resistance less than about 100 ohms per square;
• an electrochromic medium disposed between said first and second substrates whereby the transmission of light through said electrochromic medium is changed when an electrical potential is applied thereto, wherein said electrochromic medium comprises a cross-linked polymer solid film;
• wherein said electrochromic medium is formed by curing an electrochromic monomer composition is an in-situ cure after said electrochromic monomer composition has been disposed between said first and second substrates;
• wherein an interpane distance between said first and second substrates is from about 10 microns to about 1000 microns;
• wherein said electrochromic medium comprises at least one of (i) a viologen, (ii) a phenazine, (iii) 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine, (iv) a heptyl viologen, (v) a distryrylmethyl viologen, (vi) an ethylhydroxypropyl viologen, (vii) propylene carbonate, (viii) an ultraviolet stabilizer, (ix) a phenothiazine, (x) a metallocene, (xi) a cross-linked polymer, (xii) a plasticizer, (xiii) a film formed from curing said electrochromic monomer composition, (xiv) a film formed from curing said electrochromic monomer composition and wherein said electrochromic monomer composition comprises hydroxyundecyl viologen perchlorate, diphenylpropyl viologen diperchlorate, a ferrocene-polyol, ferrocene and 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine dispersed in propylene carbonate in combination with an isocyanate, a polyol, a tin catalyst and a UV stabilizer, (xv) a film formed from curing said electrochromic monomer composition and wherein said electrochromic monomer composition comprises hydroxyundecylphenylpropyl viologen diperchlorate, diphenylpropyl viologen diperchlorate and 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine dispersed in propylene carbonate in combination with an isocyanate, a polyol, a tin catalyst and a UV stabilizer, (xvi) a film formed from curing said electrochromic monomer composition and wherein said electrochromic monomer composition comprises hydroxyundecyl viologen perchlorate, ethyl viologen perchlorate, a ferrocene-polyol, ferrocene and 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine dispersed in a mixture of tertraethyleneglycol dimethylether and tetramethylenesulfone in combination with an isocyanate, a polyol, a tin catalyst and a UV stabilizer, (xvii) a cathodic electrochromic compound, (xviii) an anodic electrochromic compound, (xix) a cathodic electrochromic compound and an anodic electrochromic compound and (xx) an electrochromic cross-linked polymer solid film;
• wherein said window has a transmission less than about 10% of light incident thereon when an electrical potential of about 1.3 V is applied to said electrochromic medium;
• and
• wherein said window is a large area glazing of an area of at least 99 square inches.