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US 8,596,075 B2Granted
System and method for high efficiency power generation using a carbon dioxide circulating working fluid
AssigneesPalmer Labs, LLC, 8 Rivers Capital, LLC
InventorsRodney John Allam, Miles Palmer, Glenn William Brown, Jr.
Life of this patent
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Abstract
The present invention provides methods and system for power generation using a high efficiency combustor in combination with a CO2 circulating fluid. The methods and systems advantageously can make use of a low pressure ratio power turbine and an economizer heat exchanger in specific embodiments. Additional low grade heat from an external source can be used to provide part of an amount of heat needed for heating the recycle CO2 circulating fluid. Fuel derived CO2 can be captured and delivered at pipeline pressure. Other impurities can be captured.
Claims72
A method of power generation comprising:
- introducing a fuel, O2, and a CO2 circulating fluid into a combustor, the CO2 being introduced at a pressure of at least about 12 MPa and a temperature of at least about 400° C.;
- combusting the fuel to provide a combustion product stream comprising CO2, the combustion product stream having a temperature of at least about 800° C.;
- expanding the combustion product stream across a turbine to generate power, the turbine having an inlet for receiving the combustion product stream and an outlet for release of a turbine discharge stream comprising CO2, wherein the pressure ratio of the combustion product stream at the inlet compared to the turbine discharge stream at the outlet is less than about 12;
- withdrawing heat from the turbine discharge stream by passing the turbine discharge stream through a primary heat exchange unit to provide a cooled turbine discharge stream;
- removing from the cooled turbine discharge stream one or more secondary components that are present in the cooled turbine discharge stream in addition to CO2 to provide a purified, cooled turbine discharge stream;
- compressing the purified, cooled turbine discharge stream with a first compressor to a pressure above the CO2 critical pressure to provide a supercritical CO2 circulating fluid stream;
- cooling the supercritical CO2 circulating fluid stream to a temperature where its density is at least about 200 kg/m3;
- passing the supercritical, high density CO2 circulating fluid through a second compressor to pressurize the CO2 circulating fluid to the pressure required for input to the combustor;
- passing the supercritical, high density, high pressure CO2 circulating fluid through the same primary heat exchange unit such that the withdrawn heat from the turbine discharge stream is used to increase the temperature of the CO2 circulating fluid;
- supplying an additional quantity of heat from a source other than withdrawn heat from the turbine discharge stream to all or a portion of the supercritical, high density, high pressure CO2 circulating fluid one or more of prior to, during, or after passing through the primary heat exchange unit;
- and
- recycling the heated, supercritical, high density CO2 circulating fluid into the combustor;
- wherein the temperature of the heated, supercritical, high density CO2 circulating fluid entering the combustor is less than the temperature of the turbine discharge stream by no more than about 50° C.
10 more elements
The method of clam 14, wherein the filter reduces the residual amount of incombustible component to less than about 2 mg/m3 of the partially oxidized combustion product.
A method of power generation comprising:
- combusting a fuel in the presence of O2 and a CO2 circulating fluid in a combustor, the CO2 being introduced at a pressure of at least about 12 MPa and a temperature of at least about 400° C., to provide a combustion product stream comprising CO2 and having a temperature of at least about 800° C.;
- expanding the combustion product stream across a turbine to generate power and provide a turbine discharge stream comprising CO2, wherein the pressure ratio of the combustion product stream to the turbine discharge stream is less than about 12;
- passing the turbine discharge stream through a heat exchanger unit to provide a cooled discharge stream;
- removing from the cooled turbine discharge stream one or more secondary components other than CO2 to provide a purified discharge stream;
- compressing the purified discharge stream to provide a supercritical CO2 circulating fluid stream;
- cooling the supercritical CO2 circulating fluid stream to provide a high density CO2 circulating fluid with a density of at least about 200 kg/m3;
- pumping the high density CO2 circulating fluid to a pressure suitable for input to the combustor;
- heating the pressurized CO2 circulating fluid by passing through the heat exchanger unit using heat recuperated from the turbine discharge stream;
- further heating all or a potion of the pressurized CO2 circulating fluid with heat that is not withdrawn from the turbine discharge stream, the further heating being one or more of prior to, during, or after passing through the heat exchanger;
- and
- recycling the heated, pressurized CO2 circulating fluid into the combustor;
- wherein the temperature of the heated, pressurized CO2 circulating fluid entering the combustor is less than the temperature of the turbine discharge stream by no more than about 50° C.
9 more elements
A method of power generation comprising:
- combusting a fuel in the presence of O2 and a CO2 circulating fluid in a combustor, the CO2 being introduced at a pressure of at least about 12 MPa and a temperature of at least about 400° C., to provide a combustion product stream comprising CO2 and having a temperature of at least about 800° C.;
- expanding the combustion product stream across a turbine to generate power and provide a turbine discharge stream comprising CO2, wherein the pressure ratio of the combustion product stream to the turbine discharge stream is less than about 12;
- passing the turbine discharge stream through a heat exchanger unit to provide a cooled discharge stream;
- removing from the cooled turbine discharge stream one or more secondary components other than CO2 to provide a purified discharge stream;
- compressing the purified discharge stream to provide a supercritical CO2 circulating fluid stream;
- cooling the supercritical CO2 circulating fluid stream to provide a high density CO2 circulating fluid with a density of at least about 200 kg/m3;
- pumping the high density CO2 circulating fluid to a pressure suitable for input to the combustor;
- heating the pressurized CO2 circulating fluid by passing through the heat exchanger unit using heat recuperated from the turbine discharge stream;
- further heating all or a potion of the pressurized CO2 circulating fluid with heat formed by an air separation unit, the further heating being one or more of prior to, during, or after passing through the heat exchanger;
- and
- recycling the heated, pressurized CO2 circulating fluid into the combustor;
- wherein the temperature of the heated, pressurized CO2 circulating fluid entering the combustor is less than the temperature of the turbine discharge stream by no more than about 50° C.
9 more elements
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.