# US 8,571,484 B2 · Determining a handoff metric > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,571,484 B2 - Document ID: US8571484B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 13/620,449 - Filed: 2012-09-14 - Published: 2013-03-21 - Granted: 2013-10-29 - Earliest claimed: 2008-05-01 - Assignees: Broadcom Corporation - Applicants: Louay Jalloul; Djordje Tujkovic; Anupama Lakshmanan - Inventors: Louay Jalloul; Djordje Tujkovic; Anupama Lakshmanan - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8571484B2 ## CPC - H04W 24/08: Testing, {supervising or monitoring} using real traffic - H04W 36/302: {due to low signal strength} - H04B 17/26: using historical data, averaging values or statistics - H04B 17/382: for resource allocation, admission control or handover - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) - H04B: TRANSMISSION ## Abstract A method and apparatus of determining a hand-off metric are disclosed. One method includes a subscriber receiving identifications of a neighboring set of base stations from a serving base station, determining an active set of base stations by measuring received signal power from each of the base stations of the neighboring set at first discrete points in time, averaging the received signal power for each of these base stations, and selecting the active set based on the average received signal power. Determining the hand-off metric further includes calculating a ratio of average receive signal power to average excess received signal power, for each base station of the active set, wherein the excess received signal power includes signal power received by the subscriber in excess of power received from the base station. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus for determining a hand-off metric, comprising: a mobile station configured to: determine an active set of base stations by: measuring received signal power from each base station of a neighboring set of base stations at first discrete points in time, averaging the received signal power for each of the base stations of the neighboring set, and selecting the active set based on the average received signal power of the base stations of the neighboring set; measure, at second discrete points in time, an excess received signal power for each base station of the active set, wherein the excess received signal power comprises signal power received in excess of power received from the base station; average the excess received signal power; and determine the hand-off metric by calculating a ratio of average receive signal power to average excess received signal power, for each base station of the active set. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mobile station is further configured to select a transmitting mode based on the hand-off metric, wherein the transmitting mode is one of a partial usage of sub-carriers mode and an adjacent sub-carrier within band allocation mode. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first discrete points in time and the second discrete points in time are determined discrete points in time. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the determined discrete points in time are based on occurrences of preamble symbols of signals received from the active set of base stations. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the determined discrete points in time are based on occurrences of downlink frames of signals received from the active set of base stations. ### Claim 6 (depends on 3) The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the determined discrete points in time occur at a rate that is dependent on a Doppler frequency measured by the mobile station. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the rate increases as the Doppler frequency increases, and the rate decreases as the Doppler frequency decreases. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first discrete points in time and the second discrete points in time are determined discrete points in time that are substantially the same. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mobile station is further configured to interlace the measurements of the received signal power from the base stations in the neighboring set. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the mobile station configuration to interlace the measurements of the received signal power from the base stations in the neighboring set includes being configured to time interleave the received signal power measurements of the base stations in the neighboring set. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the mobile station configuration to interlace the measurements of the received signal power from the base stations in the neighboring set includes being configured to periodically cycle the received signal power measurements of the base stations in the neighboring set. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mobile station is further configured to interlace the measurements of the excess received signal power for the base stations in the active set. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mobile station configuration to select the active set includes being configured to select the active set based on a relative variation of the average received signal power. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mobile station configuration to select the active set includes being configured to select the active set based on absolute average received signal power. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mobile station configuration to select the active set includes being configured to select the active set based on the average received signal power exceeding a threshold. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mobile station configuration to average the received signal power and average the excess received signal power includes being configured to at least one of IIR and FIR filter the received signal power and the excess received signal power. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mobile station is further configured to identify one or more base stations in the neighboring set based on corresponding PRBS (pseudo random bit sequences). ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mobile station is further configured to: measure a total received signal power by computing a sum square of an FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) over a set of frequency tones that represent a segment of a downlink signal preamble; determine the received signal power at a discrete point in time by determining a difference between the total received signal power and a sum of received signal correlation indicators from all base stations except a desired base station; determine the excess received signal power at the discrete point in time by determining a difference between the total received signal power and a received signal correlation indicator associated with the desired base station; average the received signal power over time; average the excess received signal power over time; and compute a hand-off metric associated with the desired base station by computing a ratio of the average received signal power to the average excess received signal power. ### Claim 19 An apparatus for determining a hand-off metric, comprising: a mobile station configured to: determine an active set of base stations by: measuring received signal power from each base station of a neighboring set of base stations at first discrete points in time, averaging the received signal power for each of the base stations of the neighboring set, and selecting the set based on the average received signal power active of the base stations of the neighboring set; measure, at second discrete points in time, a signal interference for each base station of the active set; average the signal interference; and determine the hand-off metric by calculating a ratio of average receive signal power to signal interference, for each base station of the active set. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the mobile station is further configured to: measure a total received signal power by computing a sum square of an FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) over a set of frequency tones that represent a segment of a downlink signal preamble; determine the received signal power at a discrete point in time by determining a difference between the total received signal power and a sum of received signal correlation indicators from all base stations except a desired base station; determine the signal interference at the discrete point in time by determining a difference between the total received signal power and received signal correlation indicator associated with the desired base station; average the received signal power over time; average the signal interference given over time; and compute a hand-off metric associated with the desired base station by computing a ratio of the average received signal power to the average interference.