# US 8,571,409 B1 · Wavelength-multiplexed optical controller using a ring architecture

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- Number: US 8,571,409 B1
- Document ID: US8571409B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 13/295,032
- Filed: 2011-11-11
- Granted: 2013-10-29
- Earliest claimed: 2009-01-20
- Assignees: Intelligent Fiber Optic Systems, Inc.
- Applicants: Rui Wang; Behzad Moslehi; Richard J. Black
- Inventors: Rui Wang; Behzad Moslehi; Richard J. Black
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8571409B1

## CPC

- G01K 11/3206: at discrete locations in the fibre, e.g. using Bragg scattering
- H04J 14/0213: {Groups of channels or wave bands arrangements}
- H04J 14/028: {WDM bus architectures}
- H04J 14/0283: {WDM ring architectures}
- G01D 5/35316: {using a Bragg gratings}
- H04J 14/0204: {Broadcast and select arrangements, e.g. with an optical splitter at the input before adding or dropping}
- H04J 14/0205: {Select and combine arrangements, e.g. with an optical combiner at the output after adding or dropping}
- H04J 14/0206: {Express channels arrangements}
- H04J 14/0275: {using an optical service channel}
- G01K: MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (radiation pyrometry G01J5/00)
- H04J: MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION (transmission in general H04B; peculiar to transmission of digital information H04L5/00; systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal H04N7/08; in exchanges H04Q11/00; stereophonic systems H04S)
- G01D: MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

## Abstract

An optical ring network for fixed length messages from a plurality of nodes for transmission to different nodes uses a plurality of wavelengths for transmission, and messages for transmission are ordered and arranged on a per-wavelength basis to minimize a transmit finish time. Each node may be operated in an ADM (add drop multiplexer) mode where an optical node removes information on a particular wavelength and adds information on the same particular wavelength, or each node may be operated in a CDC (colorless, directionless, contentionless) mode where information is assigned to a wavelength according to a selection algorithm which may place it on any wavelength without regard to an original node wavelength. The selection algorithm optimizes selection of messages and wavelengths for transmit finish time.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An optical ring having a plurality of nodes, each node having an output coupled to a subsequent station and an input coupled to a previous station, said optical ring supporting simultaneous communications in a plurality of separate wavelengths forming separate communication channels;
each said node having:
a tunable drop filter dropping a first wavelength from an optical node input and a tunable add filter optionally adding a second wavelength to said optical node output, said first wavelength and said second wavelength operative in different optical communication channels, each said tunable drop filter coupled to an optical receive detector and each said tunable add filter coupled to a tunable laser operative on a particular channel;
a sensor and control interface for converting sensor data received on a particular optical channel into sensor reading outputs and also converting control input data into modulations on a particular channel, said sensor data and said control inputs having a length;
a scheduling and wavelength assignment controller for placing said control inputs onto particular wavelengths and for retrieving said sensor reading outputs;
and where each said node is a Colorless Directionless Contentionless (CDC) node utilizing said plurality of wavelengths operative to minimize a finish time.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The ring network of claim 1 where the wavelenth of said tunable laser is seperately determined for each message having said finish time.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The ring network of claim 1 where said tunable drop filter utilizes tunable Bragg gratings operative on a wavelength determined for each message having said finish time.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The ring network of claim 1 where said utilizing said plurality of wavelengths operative to minimize a finish time includes the assignment of messages to wavelengths using either a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) scheduler or an Earliest Finish-time, Least Variance (EFLV) scheduler.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The optical ring of claim 1 where each said tunable drop filter comprises an FBG tuned to a unique wavelength from any other tunable drop filter in said node.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The optical ring of claim 1 where each said tunable add filter includes a plurality of tunable lasers, each of which is tuned to a unique wavelength from any other tunable laser in said node.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The optical ring of claim 1 where each node of said plurality of nodes is sequentially coupled.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The optical ring of claim 1 where each said node further comprises:
said tunable drop filter comprising a first coupler having an input port, an output port and a reflected energy port, said first coupler input port coupled to optical energy in said optical node input and said first coupler reflected energy port coupled to said optical receive detector;
a tunable FBG coupled to said first coupler output port, said tunable FBG having an output;
a second coupler having an input port, an add port, and an output port, said input port coupled to said tunable FBG output, said output port coupling optical energy to said node output, and said add port coupled to optical energy generated by said tunable laser.

### Claim 9

An optical ring having a plurality of nodes, each node having an output coupled to a subsequent station and an input coupled to a previous station, said optical ring supporting simultaneous communications in a plurality of separate wavelengths forming separate communication channels;
each said node having:
a plurality of tunable drop filters dropping selected wavelengths from an optical node input to a respective optical detector;
a plurality of tunable add filters for adding selected wavelengths to said optical node output, each said wavelength operative in a different optical communication channels from other said wavelengths;
a sensor and control interface for converting sensor data received on a particular optical channel into sensor reading outputs and also converting control input data into laser modulations on a particular channel, said sensor data and said control inputs having a length;
a scheduling and wavelength assignment controller for placing said control inputs onto particular wavelengths and for retrieving said sensor reading outputs;
and where each said node is a Colorless Directionless Contentionless (CDC) node utilizing said plurality of wavelengths operative to minimize a finish time.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The optical ring of claim 9 where said tunable drop filter includes a tunable FBG to reflect optical energy from a particular FBG into an optical coupler which is coupled to one of said optical detectors.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The optical ring of claim 9 where said plurality of tunable add filters includes tunable lasers generating optical energy coupled to said optical node output through an optical coupler.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The optical ring of claim 9 where wavelengths of said tunable add filters and wavelengths of said tunable drop filters are selected using a Mixed Integer Linear Program which schedules delivery of packets after determining:
K—the number of packets to be sent;
N—the number of nodes
W—the number of wavelengths
Pi—the number of transceivers at each node;
and thereafter finding a shortest finish time based on iteratively applying possible wavelength selections based on:
a first constraint of assigning wavelengths to transceivers;
a second constraint of time-disjointedness and wavelength disjointedness for each link;
a third constraint of time disjointedness and wavelength disjointedness for each source/destination connection.

### Claim 13 (depends on 9)

The optical ring of claim 9 where wavelengths of said tunable add filters and wavelengths of said tunable drop filters are selected using an Earliest Finish-time, Least Variance (EFLV) assignment of wavelengths and stations to packets including, for each packet, the assignment of tunable add filter wavelengths and tunable drop filter wavelengths, a transmitter/receiver at a source/destination, and a continuous time interval, and iterating until a shortest finish time is determined.

### Claim 14 (depends on 9)

The optical ring of claim 9 where said tunable add filter wavelengths and tunable drop filter wavelengths are selected using an Earliest Finish-time, Least Variance (EFLV) assignment of wavelengths and stations to packets, where the assignment includes the identification of less loaded transmitter/receiver pairs for later assignment.

### Claim 15 (depends on 9)

The optical ring of claim 9 where said plurality of separate wavelengths forming separate communication channels are at least one of wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) channels or dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) channels.