# US 8,570,771 B2 · Systems and methods of primary-side sensing and regulation for flyback power converter with high stability

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- Number: US 8,570,771 B2
- Document ID: US8570771B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 13/664,932
- Filed: 2012-10-31
- Published: 2013-03-07
- Granted: 2013-10-29
- Earliest claimed: 2010-07-13
- Assignees: On-Bright Electronics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
- Applicants: On-Bright Electronics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
- Inventors: Xiaomin Huang; Lieyi Fang
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8570771B2

## CPC

- H02M 3/33507: {with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters (H02M3/33561, H02M3/33569 take precedence)}
- H02M 3/33523: {with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop}
- H02M 1/0019: {the disturbance parameters being load current fluctuations}
- H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P)

## Abstract

System and method for regulating an output voltage of a power conversion system. The system includes an error amplifier coupled to a capacitor. The error amplifier is configured to receive a reference voltage, a first voltage, and an adjustment current and to generate a compensation voltage with the capacitor. The first voltage is associated with a feedback voltage. Additionally, the system includes a current generator configured to receive the compensation voltage and generate the adjustment current and a first current, and a signal generator configured to receive the first current and a second current. The signal generator is further configured to receive a sensing voltage and to generate a modulation signal. Moreover, the system includes the gate driver directly or indirectly coupled to the signal generator and configured to generate a drive signal based on at least information associated with the modulation signal.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A system for regulating an output voltage of a power conversion system, the system comprising:
an error amplifier coupled to a capacitor, the error amplifier being configured to receive a reference voltage, a first voltage, and an adjustment current and to generate a compensation voltage with the capacitor, the first voltage being associated with a feedback voltage;
a current generator configured to receive the compensation voltage and generate the adjustment current and a first current;
a signal generator configured to receive the first current and a second current, the signal generator being further configured to receive a sensing voltage and to generate a modulation signal; and
a driving component configured to generate a drive signal based on at least information associated with the modulation signal and output the drive signal to a switch in order to affect a third current flowing through a primary winding of a power conversion system;
wherein:
the feedback voltage is associated with an output voltage and an output current of the power conversion system; and
the sensing voltage is associated with the third current;
wherein:
the error amplifier is characterized by a transconductance; and
the error amplifier is further configured to change the transconductance based on at least information associated with the adjustment current so that the transconductance decreases with the decreasing output current of the power conversion system.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, and further comprising a feed forward component configured to receive the reference voltage and the first voltage and generate the second current, the second current and the first current being associated with different phases.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, and further comprising a sampling and holding component configured to receive the feedback voltage, sample the feedback voltage at a predetermined time, hold the sampled voltage, and output the held voltage as the first voltage.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, and further comprising a logic control component configured to receive the modulation signal and output a control signal to the driving component based on at least information associated with the modulation signal.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1 wherein:
the error amplifier includes a current source configured to generate a fourth current;
the adjustment current flows into or out of the error amplifier; and
the transconductance of the error amplifier is associated with at least the fourth current and the adjustment current.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1 wherein:
the power conversion system comprises a feedback loop including a control stage and a power stage;
the power stage includes the driving component and one or more components between the driving component and an output terminal for the output voltage and the output current; and
the control stage includes a part of the error amplifier and the signal generator.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The system of claim 6 wherein:
the control stage is characterized by a first transfer function with a zero location in a frequency domain;
the power stage is characterized by a second transfer function with a pole location in the frequency domain; and
the feedback loop is characterized by a combination of the first transfer function and the second transfer function.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The system of claim 7 wherein the zero location is lower than the pole location in frequency regardless of the output current.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The system of claim 8 wherein the combination of the first transfer function and the second transfer function is associated with a gain as a first function of frequency and a phase as a second function of frequency.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The system of claim 9 wherein the first function of frequency has a slope of 20 dB/dec if the gain is equal to 0 dB, regardless of the output current.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The system of claim 10 wherein the phase is at least 90° away from −180° if the gain is equal to 0 dB, regardless of the output current.

### Claim 12

A method for regulating an output voltage of a power conversion system, the method comprising:
receiving a reference voltage, a first voltage, and an adjustment current by an error amplifier, the first voltage being associated with a feedback voltage;
processing information associated with the reference voltage, the first voltage and the adjustment current;
generating a compensation voltage based on at least information associated with the reference voltage, the first voltage and the adjustment current;
receiving the compensation voltage;
generating the adjustment current and a first current based on at least information associated with the compensation voltage;
receiving the first current, a second current, and a sensing voltage;
generating a modulation signal based on at least information associated with the first current, the second current, and the sensing voltage;
processing information associated with the modulation signal;
generating a drive signal based on at least information associated with the modulation signal; and
outputting the drive signal to a switch in order to affect a third current of a power conversion system;
wherein:
the feedback voltage is associated with an output voltage and an output current of the power conversion system; and
the sensing voltage is associated with the third current;
wherein:
the error amplifier is characterized by a transconductance;
the process for processing information associated with the reference voltage, the first voltage and the adjustment current includes changing the transconductance based on at least information associated with the adjustment current; and
the transconductance decreases with the decreasing output current of the power conversion system.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12, the method comprising:
receiving the reference voltage and the first voltage; and
generating the second current based on at least information associated with the reference voltage and the first voltage;
wherein the first current and the second current have at least different phases.

### Claim 14

A system for regulating an output voltage of a power conversion system, the system comprising:
an error amplifier indirectly coupled to a capacitor through a first switch, the error amplifier being configured to receive a reference voltage and a first voltage and to generate a compensation voltage with the capacitor in response to the first switch being closed, the first voltage being associated with a feedback voltage;
a signal generator configured to receive the compensation voltage, a first current, and a sensing voltage and to generate a control signal based on at least information associated with the compensation voltage, the first current, and the sensing voltage; and
a driving component configured to receive the control signal and configured to generate a drive signal based on at least information associated with the control signal and output the drive signal to a second switch in order to affect a second current flowing through a primary winding of a power conversion system;
wherein:
the feedback voltage is associated with an output voltage and an output current of the power conversion system; and
the sensing voltage is associated with the second current;
wherein:
the control signal is characterized by a pulse width and a switching frequency;
the first switch is configured to be controlled by the control signal;
the first switch is configured to be closed in response to the control signal being at a logic high level; and
the first switch is configured to be opened in response to the control signal being at a logic low level.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The system of claim 14, and further comprising a feed forward component configured to receive the reference voltage and the first voltage and generate the first current, the first current and the compensation voltage being associated with different phases.

### Claim 16 (depends on 14)

The system of claim 14, and further comprising a sampling and holding component configured to receive the feedback voltage, sample the feedback voltage at a predetermined time, hold the sampled voltage, and output the held voltage as the first voltage.

### Claim 17 (depends on 14)

The system of claim 14 wherein:
a combination of at least the error amplifier and the first switch is characterized by an effective transconductance; and
the effective transconductance is associated with the pulse width and the switching frequency.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The system of claim 17 wherein the combination of at least the error amplifier and the first switch is configured to change the effective transconductance so that the effective transconductance decreases with the decreasing output current of the power conversion system.

### Claim 19 (depends on 14)

The system of claim 14 wherein the signal generator includes:
a modulation component configured to receive the compensation voltage, the first current, and the sensing voltage and to generate a modulation signal based on at least information associated with the compensation voltage, the first current, and the sensing voltage; and
a logic control component configured to receive the modulation signal and generate the control signal based on at least information associated with the modulation signal.

### Claim 20

A method for regulating an output voltage of a power conversion system, the method comprising:
receiving a reference voltage and a first voltage by an error amplifier, the first voltage being associated with a feedback voltage, the error amplifier indirectly coupled to a capacitor through a first switch;
processing information associated with the reference voltage and the first voltage;
generating a compensation voltage in response to the first switch being closed;
receiving the compensation voltage, a first current, and a sensing voltage;
generating a control signal based on at least information associated with the compensation voltage, the first current, and the sensing voltage;
processing information associated with the control signal;
generating a drive signal based on at least information associated with the control signal; and
outputting the drive signal to a second switch in order to affect a second current flowing through a primary winding of a power conversion system;
wherein:
the feedback voltage is associated with an output voltage and an output current of the power conversion system; and
the sensing voltage is associated with the second current;
wherein:
the control signal is characterized by a pulse width and a switching frequency; and
the process for processing information associated with the control signal includes closing the first switch in response to the control signal being at a logic high level and opening the first switch in response to the control signal being at a logic low level.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

The method of claim 20, the method comprising:
receiving the reference voltage and the first voltage; and
generating the first current based on at least information associated with the reference voltage and the first voltage;
wherein the first current and the compensation voltage have different phases.

### Claim 22

A system for regulating an output voltage of a power conversion system, the system comprising:
an error amplifier indirectly coupled to a capacitor through a first switch, the error amplifier being configured to receive a reference voltage and a first voltage and to generate a compensation voltage with the capacitor in response to the first switch being closed, the first voltage being associated with a feedback voltage;
a signal generator configured to receive the compensation voltage, a first current, and a sensing voltage and to generate a control signal based on at least information associated with the compensation voltage, the first current, and the sensing voltage;
a one-shot generator configured to receive the control signal and sends a one-shot signal to the first switch; and
a driving component configured to generate a drive signal based on at least information associated with the control signal and output the drive signal to a second switch in order to affect a second current flowing through a primary winding;
wherein:
the feedback voltage is associated with an output voltage and an output current of the power conversion system; and
the sensing voltage is associated with at least the second current;
wherein:
the control signal is characterized by a first pulse width and a first switching frequency;
the one-shot signal is characterized by a second pulse width and a second switching frequency;
the second pulse width is a constant determined by the one-shot generator;
the second switching frequency is equal to the first switching frequency;
the first switch is configured to be controlled by the one-shot signal;
the first switch is configured to be closed in response to the one-shot signal being at a logic high level; and
the first switch is configured to be opened in response to the one-shot signal being at a logic low level.

### Claim 23 (depends on 22)

The system of claim 22, and further comprising a feed forward component configured to receive the reference voltage and the first voltage and generate the first current, the first current and the compensation voltage being associated with different phases.

### Claim 24 (depends on 22)

The system of claim 22, and further comprising a sampling and holding component configured to receive the feedback voltage, sample the feedback voltage at a predetermined time, hold the sampled voltage, and output the held voltage as the first voltage.

### Claim 25 (depends on 22)

The system of claim 22 wherein:
a combination of at least the error amplifier and the first switch is characterized by an effective transconductance; and
the effective transconductance is associated with at least the first switching frequency.

### Claim 26 (depends on 25)

The system of claim 25 wherein the combination of at least the error amplifier and the first switch is configured to change the effective transconductance so that the effective transconductance decreases with the decreasing output current of the power conversion system.

### Claim 27 (depends on 22)

The system of claim 22 wherein the signal generator includes:
a modulation component configured to receive the compensation voltage, the first current, and the sensing voltage and to generate a modulation signal based on at least information associated with the compensation voltage, the first current, and the sensing voltage; and
a logic control component configured to receive the modulation signal and generate the control signal based on at least information associated with the modulation signal.

### Claim 28

A method for regulating an output voltage of a power conversion system, the method comprising:
receiving a reference voltage and a first voltage by an error amplifier, the first voltage being associated with a feedback voltage, the error amplifier indirectly coupled to a capacitor through a first switch;
processing information associated with the reference voltage and the first voltage;
generating a compensation voltage in response to the first switch being closed;
receiving the compensation voltage, a first current, and a sensing voltage;
generating a control signal based on at least information associated with the compensation voltage, the first current, and the sensing voltage;
processing information associated with the control signal;
generating a one-shot signal and a drive signal based on at least information associated with the control signal;
adjusting the first switch based on information associated with the one-shot signal; and
outputting the drive signal to a second switch in order to affect a second current flowing through a primary winding of a power conversion system;
wherein:
the feedback voltage is associated with an output voltage and an output current of the power conversion system; and
the sensing voltage is associated with the second current;
wherein:
the control signal is characterized by a first pulse width and a first switching frequency;
the one-shot signal is characterized by a second pulse width and a second switching frequency;
the second pulse width is a constant determined by the one-shot generator;
the second switching frequency is equal to the first switching frequency; and
the process for adjusting the first switch based on information associated with the one-shot signal includes closing the first switch in response to the one-shot signal being at a logic high level and opening the first switch in response to the one-shot signal being at a logic low level.

### Claim 29 (depends on 28)

The method of claim 28, the method comprising:
receiving the reference voltage and the first voltage; and
generating the first current based on at least information associated with the reference voltage and the first voltage;
wherein the first current and the compensation voltage have different phases.