# US 8,570,505 B2 · One-dimensional coherent fiber array for inspecting components in a gas turbine engine

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- Number: US 8,570,505 B2
- Document ID: US8570505B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 13/412,920
- Filed: 2012-03-06
- Published: 2013-09-12
- Granted: 2013-10-29
- Earliest claimed: 2012-03-06
- Assignees: Siemens Energy, Inc.
- Applicants: Erwan Baleine; Clifford Hatcher
- Inventors: Erwan Baleine; Clifford Hatcher
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8570505B2

## CPC

- G01N 25/72: Investigating presence of flaws
- F01D 21/003: {Arrangements for testing or measuring (for measuring vibrations G01H)}
- G01B 11/14: for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures (G01B11/26 takes precedence; rangefinders G01C3/00)
- F01D 11/001: {for sealing space between stator blade and rotor}
- F05D 2260/80: Diagnostics
- G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q)
- F01D: NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES (machines or engines for liquids F03; non-positive displacement pumps F04D)
- G01B: MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- F05D: INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS

## Abstract

Inspecting a turbine includes positioning respective ends of a plurality of optical fibers within a high temperature region of the turbine wherein the respective first ends are aligned as a one-dimensional array. Energy emitted from an image area on a component of the turbine, is received at the ends of the optical fiber. The optical fibers convey the received energy to the other ends of the fibers that are located outside of the turbine. Outside the turbine an image of the respective other ends is captured, wherein the other ends are also aligned in a one-dimensional area. Additionally, for imaging a rotating component, a plurality of one-dimensional images of the other ends can be respectively captured at corresponding rotational positions of the component and used to create a two-dimensional image of the rotating component.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of inspecting a turbine, comprising:
positioning respective first ends of a plurality of optical fibers within a high temperature region of the turbine, the respective first ends aligned next to one another as a first one-dimensional array;
receiving, at the respective first ends, energy emitted from an image area on a component of the turbine, the image area comprising substantially a line;
conveying the energy received at the respective first ends to respective second ends of the plurality of optical fibers, the respective second ends aligned as a second one-dimensional array and located outside of the high temperature region of the turbine; and
capturing, with a camera, an image simultaneously of each of the respective second ends.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the line is about 0.05 mm in width.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the line is between about 20 mm and about 40 mm in length.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the component of the turbine includes at least a portion of an interface area between two adjacent disks, and the capturing an image of the respective second ends comprises determining a gap dimension defined at the interface area.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the component of the turbine includes at least a portion of a belly band.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the high temperature region of the turbine has a temperature above about 450° C. when the turbine is operating.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the component is a rotating component inside an operating turbine that rotates as a result of a rotating shaft of the turbine.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, wherein capturing an image of the respective second ends further includes:
capturing a plurality of images of the respective second ends;
determining a corresponding rotational position of the rotating shaft for each of the plurality of images; and
creating, with an image processor, a two-dimensional image of the rotating component by arranging the plurality of images in order according to the respective corresponding rotational position for each of the plurality of images.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising:
coating an exterior portion of the plurality of fibers with one or more group 11 transition metals.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein a maximum outside dimension of the first one-dimensional array is about 8 mm.

### Claim 11

A system for inspecting a turbine, comprising:
a plurality of optical fibers having respective first ends positioned within a high temperature region of the turbine and having respective second ends positioned outside of the high temperature region of the turbine;
wherein the respective first ends are aligned next to one another in a first one-dimensional array;
wherein the respective second ends are aligned in a second one-dimensional array;
the first one-dimensional array configured to receive, at the respective first ends, energy emitted from an image area on a component of the turbine, the image area comprising substantially a line, wherein the plurality of optical fibers are configured to convey the energy received at the respective first ends to the respective second ends; and
a camera configured to simultaneously capture an image of each of the respective second ends.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, wherein the line is about 0.05 mm in width.

### Claim 13 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, wherein the line is between about 20 mm and about 40 mm in length.

### Claim 14 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, wherein the component of the turbine includes at least a portion of an interface area between two adjacent disks.

### Claim 15 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, wherein the component of the turbine includes at least a portion of a belly band.

### Claim 16 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, wherein the high temperature region of the turbine has a temperature above about 450° C. when the turbine is operating.

### Claim 17 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, wherein the component is a rotating component inside an operating turbine that rotates as a result of a rotating shaft of the turbine.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The system of claim 17, further comprising:
a shaft position signal generator configured to generate a position signal indicating a predetermined rotational position of the rotating shaft;
a trigger signal generator configured to transmit a trigger signal to the camera to capture the image of the second ends, wherein the trigger signal generator transmits a plurality of trigger signals to cause the camera to capture a plurality of images of the respective second ends;
the trigger signal generator further configured to transmit each of the plurality of trigger signals at a respective time based on the position signal so that each respective trigger signal corresponds to a respective rotational position of the shaft; and
an image analyzer configured to create a two-dimensional image of the rotating component by arranging the plurality of images in order according to the respective corresponding rotational position for each of the plurality of images.

### Claim 19

A method of inspecting an operating turbine, comprising:
positioning respective first ends of a plurality of optical fibers within a high temperature region of the turbine;
receiving, at the respective first ends, energy emitted from an image area on a component of the turbine;
routing the plurality of optical fibers through a vane of the turbine;
conveying the energy received at the respective first ends to respective second ends of the plurality of optical fibers, the respective second ends located outside of the high temperature region of the turbine; and
capturing, with a camera, an image simultaneously of each of the respective second ends.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The method of claim 19, wherein the respective first ends are aligned in a one-dimensional array.