# US 8,569,436 B2 · Polyvinyl chloride formulations

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- Number: US 8,569,436 B2
- Document ID: US8569436B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 13/595,397
- Filed: 2012-08-27
- Published: 2012-12-20
- Granted: 2013-10-29
- Earliest claimed: 2003-06-13
- Assignees: Underground Solutions Technologies Group, Inc.
- Applicants: Mark A. Smith; Thomas Marti; Bryan St. Onge; Henri St. Onge
- Inventors: Mark A. Smith; Thomas Marti; Bryan St. Onge; Henri St. Onge
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8569436B2

## CPC

- C08L 27/06: Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
- B29C 63/34: using tubular layers or sheathings
- B29C 65/02: by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C 65/2015: {being a single welding mirror comprising several separate heating surfaces in different planes, e.g. said heating surfaces having different temperatures}
- B29C 65/2092: {and involving the use of a facer}
- B29C 65/8215: {Tensile tests}
- B29C 66/022: {Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping}
- B29C 66/02241: {Cutting, e.g. by using waterjets, or sawing (using heat B29C66/0246; cutting-off or cutting-out a part of a strip-like or sheet-like material, transferring that part and fixing it to an article B29C69/005)}
- B29C 66/02245: {Abrading, e.g. grinding, sanding, sandblasting or scraping}
- B29C 66/1142: {Single butt to butt joints}
- B29C 66/5221: {for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other}
- B29C 66/71: {characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined (welding bar compositions B29C65/125)}
- B29C 66/90: {Measuring or controlling the joining process}
- B29C 66/91411: {of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account}
- B29C 66/919: {characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges (specific electrical resistance values B29C66/81262)}
- B32B 1/08: Tubular products
- B32B 27/00: Layered products comprising {a layer of} synthetic resin {(fibrous or filamentary layer made of a synthetic resin B32B5/02; particulate layer made of a synthetic resin B32B5/16; foamed layer made of a synthetic resin B32B5/18)}
- C08K 13/02: Organic and inorganic ingredients
- F16L 9/22: Pipes composed of a plurality of segments
- F16L 47/02: Welded joints; Adhesive joints
- F16L 55/1654: {and being inflated}
- F16L 55/1656: {materials for flexible liners}
- B29C 55/24: radial
- B29C 65/2061: {by sliding}
- B29C 65/7841: {Holding or clamping means for handling purposes (clamping means for the purpose of applying pressure on the parts to be joined, in the area to be joined B29C66/81; work holders in general B25B; devices for holding or positioning work for welding metal B23K37/04)}
- B29C 65/8246: {Pressure tests, e.g. hydrostatic pressure tests}
- B29C 66/929: {characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges}
- B29C 66/949: {characterised by specific time values or ranges}
- B29K 2027/06: PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
- Y10T 156/1016: Transverse corrugating
- Y10T 156/1043: Subsequent to assembly
- Y10T 428/1379: Contains vapor or gas barrier, polymer derived from vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride, or polymer containing a vinyl alcohol unit
- Y10T 428/139: Open-ended, self-supporting conduit, cylinder, or tube-type article
- Y10T 428/19: Sheets or webs edge spliced or joined
- C08L: COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS (compositions based on polymerisable monomers C08F, C08G; artificial filaments or fibres D01F; textile treating compositions D06)
- B29C: SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING (making preforms B29B11/00; making laminated products by combining previously unconnected layers which become one product whose layers will remain together B32B37/00 - B32B41/00)
- B32B: LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- C08K: Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients (paints, inks, varnishes, dyes, polishes, adhesives C09)
- F16L: PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- B29K: INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR {MOULDS, } REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION

## Abstract

An extrudable polyvinyl chloride composition comprising from 80 to 99.9 percent by weight polyvinyl chloride for use in extruding a first part and a second part, wherein a fusion joint between the first extruded part and the second extruded part is formed by: A) composition at least a portion of a first terminal edge of the first extruded part and a first terminal edge of the second extruded part; B) engaging the melted terminal edges; and C) maintaining pressure between the engaged terminal edges to create a fused joint having a strength that is at least 50% of the tensile strength of the extruded part as measured by ASTM D638-2a. The extruded parts can be pipe sections.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A pipe composition consisting of:
(a) 80 to 99 weight percent of polyvinyl chloride;
(b) 0.001 to 1.5 weight percent of one or more heat stabilizers;
(c) 0.1 to 5 weight percent of one or more C6 to C32 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl carboxylic acids, corresponding C1 to C4 alkyl esters and/or metal salts thereof;
(d) 0.1 to 5 weight percent of one or more waxes;
(e) 0.1 to 5 weight percent of one or more UV stabilizers;
(f) 0.001 to 1 weight percent of one or more processing aids;
(g) 0.1 to 2 weight percent of one or more fillers; and
(h) optionally, up to 2 weight percent of one or more pigments,
based upon total weight of the pipe composition.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The pipe composition according to claim 1, wherein the pipe composition is a fusion joint composition.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The pipe composition according to claim 1, wherein the polyvinyl chloride comprises 85 to 99 weight percent of the total weight of the pipe composition.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The pipe composition according to claim 1, wherein the polyvinyl chloride comprises 90 to 99 weight percent of the total weight of the pipe composition.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The pipe composition according to claim 1, wherein the polyvinyl chloride is virgin polyvinyl chloride.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The pipe composition according to claim 1, wherein the heat stabilizer is an organotin heat stabilizer.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The pipe composition according to claim 1, wherein the heat stabilizer comprises 0.2 to 1 weight percent of the total weight of the pipe composition.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The pipe composition according to claim 1, wherein the C6 to C32 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl carboxylic acid(s), corresponding C1 to C4 alkyl ester(s) and/or metal salt(s) thereof comprise calcium stearate.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The pipe composition according to claim 8, wherein the C6 to C32 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl carboxylic acid(s), corresponding C1 to C4 alkyl ester(s) and/or metal salt(s) thereof is calcium stearate.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The pipe composition according to claim 1, wherein the C6 to C32 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl carboxylic acid(s), corresponding C1 to C4 alkyl ester(s) and/or metal salt(s) thereof comprise 0.1 to 2 weight percent of the total weight of the pipe composition.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The pipe composition according to claim 10, wherein the C6 to C32 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl carboxylic acid(s), corresponding C1 to C4 alkyl ester(s) and/or metal salt(s) thereof comprise calcium stearate.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The pipe composition according to claim 1, wherein the wax comprises hydrocarbon wax.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The pipe composition according to claim 12, wherein the hydrocarbon wax is paraffin wax.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The pipe composition according to claim 1, wherein the wax comprises polyolefin wax.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The pipe composition according to claim 14, wherein the polyolefin wax comprises oxidized polyethylene wax.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The pipe composition according to claim 1, wherein the waxes comprise paraffin wax and oxidized polyethylene wax.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The pipe composition according to claim 1, wherein the wax comprises 0.5 to 2 weight percent of the total weight of the pipe composition.

### Claim 18 (depends on 1)

The pipe composition according to claim 1, wherein the wax comprises 1 to 2 weight percent of the total weight of the pipe composition.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

The pipe composition according to claim 1, wherein the UV stabilizer comprises titanium dioxide.

### Claim 20 (depends on 1)

The pipe composition according to claim 1, wherein the UV stabilizer comprises 1 to 2 weight percent of the total weight of the pipe composition.

### Claim 21 (depends on 1)

The pipe composition according to claim 1, wherein the processing aid comprises methacrylic ester, acrylic ester, acrylonitrile, and/or styrene.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

The pipe composition according to claim 21, wherein the processing aid comprises acrylic ester.

### Claim 23 (depends on 1)

The pipe composition according to claim 1, wherein the processing aid comprises 0.2 to 1 weight percent of the total weight of the pipe composition.

### Claim 24 (depends on 23)

The pipe composition according to claim 23, wherein the processing aid comprises 0.2 to 0.9 weight percent of the total weight of the pipe composition.

### Claim 25 (depends on 1)

The pipe composition according to claim 1, wherein the filler comprises calcium carbonate, barite, silica, silicate, carbon black, kaolin and/or china clay.

### Claim 26 (depends on 25)

The pipe composition according to claim 25, wherein the filler comprises calcium carbonate.

### Claim 27 (depends on 1)

The pipe composition according to claim 1, wherein the filler comprises 0.5 to 2 weight percent of the total weight of the pipe composition.

### Claim 28 (depends on 1)

The pipe composition according to claim 1, wherein the pigment comprises 0.1 to 2 weight percent of the total weight of the pipe composition.

### Claim 29 (depends on 1)

A pipe composition according to claim 1, the pipe composition consisting of:
(a) 92 to 95 weight percent polyvinyl chloride;
(b) 0.5 to 1 weight percent of one or more heat stabilizers;
(c) 0.5 to 1 weight percent of one or more C6 to C32 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl carboxylic acids, corresponding C1 to C4 alkyl esters and/or metal salts thereof;
(d) 0.5 to 2 weight percent of one or more waxes;
(e) 1.0 to 2.0 weight percent of one or more UV stabilizers;
(g) 0.5 to 1.0 weight percent of one or more processing aids;
(h) 0.1 to 1.9 weight percent of one or more fillers; and
(i) optionally, up to 2 weight percent of pigment,
based upon total weight of the pipe composition.

### Claim 30 (depends on 1)

A pipe prepared from the pipe composition of claim 1.

### Claim 31 (depends on 30)

The pipe according to claim 30, wherein the pipe is a water pipe having a burst strength of at least 200 psi as determined by ASTM D1785 in accordance with ASTM D1599 (Procedure B).

### Claim 32 (depends on 30)

The pipe according to claim 30, wherein the pipe is a gravity drain pipe, a sanitary pipe, a utility conduit, a water pipe, a sewer pipe, a pressurized pipe, a pipe inserted via horizontal directional drilling, a pipe used in slip lining, a pipe used in a pipe bursting application, a pipe used in guided boring, a pipe used in direct bury applications or any combination thereof.

### Claim 33 (depends on 30)

The pipe according to claim 30, wherein the pipe has a diameter of from 4 inches (10 cm) to 60 inches (153 cm).

### Claim 34 (depends on 30)

The pipe according to claim 30, wherein the pipe has a wall thickness of from 0.05 inches (0.125 cm) to 3 inches (7.6 cm).

### Claim 35 (depends on 29)

A pipe prepared from the pipe composition of claim 29.

### Claim 36 (depends on 35)

The pipe according to claim 35, wherein the pipe is a water pipe having a burst strength of at least 200 psi as determined by ASTM D1785 in accordance with ASTM D1599 (Procedure B).

### Claim 37 (depends on 35)

The pipe according to claim 35, wherein the pipe is a gravity drain pipe, a sanitary pipe, a utility conduit, a water pipe, a sewer pipe, a pressurized pipe, a pipe inserted via horizontal directional drilling, a pipe used in slip lining, a pipe used in a pipe bursting application, a pipe used in guided boring, a pipe used in direct bury applications or any combination thereof.

### Claim 38 (depends on 35)

The pipe according to claim 35, wherein the pipe has a diameter of from 4 inches (10 cm) to 60 inches (153 cm).

### Claim 39 (depends on 35)

The pipe according to claim 35, wherein the pipe has a wall thickness of from 0.05 inches (0.125 cm) to 3 inches (7.6 cm).

### Claim 40 (depends on 1)

A butt fused joint area between a first pipe and a second pipe, the butt fused joint area being prepared from the composition of claim 1.

### Claim 41 (depends on 29)

A butt fused joint area between a first pipe and a second pipe, the butt fused joint area being prepared from the composition of claim 29.

### Claim 42 (depends on 1)

A pipe system comprising a first pipe, a second pipe and a fusion joint therebetween, wherein at least the fusion joint is prepared from the pipe composition of claim 1.

### Claim 43 (depends on 29)

A pipe system comprising a first pipe, a second pipe and a fusion joint therebetween, wherein at least the fusion joint is prepared from the pipe composition of claim 29.

### Claim 44

A pipe system comprising a first pipe having a terminal edge, a second pipe having a terminal edge, the terminal edge of the first pipe and the terminal edge of the second pipe being butt fused to form a butt fused joint such that an interior sidewall of the first pipe is free of overlap with an exterior sidewall of the second pipe and an interior sidewall of the second pipe is free of overlap with an exterior sidewall of the first pipe, wherein at least the butt fused joint is prepared from a pipe composition consisting of:
(a) 80 to 99 weight percent of polyvinyl chloride;
(b) 0.001 to 1.5 weight percent of one or more heat stabilizers;
(c) 0.1 to 5 weight percent of one or more C6 to C32 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl carboxylic acids, corresponding C1 to C4 alkyl esters and/or metal salts thereof;
(d) 0.1 to 5 weight percent of one or more waxes;
(e) 0.1 to 5 weight percent of one or more UV stabilizers;
(f) 0.001 to 2 weight percent of one or more processing aids;
(i) 0.1 to 2 weight percent of one or more fillers; and
(j) optionally, up to 2 weight percent of one or more pigments,
based upon total weight of the pipe composition.

### Claim 45

A pipe system comprising a first pipe having a terminal edge, a second pipe having a terminal edge, the terminal edge of the first pipe and the terminal edge of the second pipe being butt fused to form a butt fused joint such that an interior sidewall of the first pipe is free of overlap with an exterior sidewall of the second pipe and an interior sidewall of the second pipe is free of overlap with an exterior sidewall of the first pipe, wherein at least the butt fused joint is prepared from a pipe composition consisting of:
(a) 92 to 95 weight percent polyvinyl chloride;
(b) 0.5 to 1 weight percent of one or more heat stabilizers;
(c) 0.5 to 1 weight percent of one or more C6 to C32 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl carboxylic acids, corresponding C1 to C4 alkyl esters and/or metal salts thereof;
(d) 0.5 to 2 weight percent of one or more waxes;
(e) 1.0 to 2.0 weight percent of one or more UV stabilizers;
(j) 0.5 to 1.0 weight percent of one or more processing aids;
(k) 0.1 to 1.9 weight percent of one or more fillers; and
(l) optionally, up to 2 weight percent of pigment,
based upon total weight of the pipe composition.

### Claim 46

A pipe composition consisting of:
(a) 85 to 99 weight percent of polyvinyl chloride;
(b) 0.001 to 1.5 weight percent of heat stabilizer;
(c) 0.1 to 5 weight percent of one or more C6 to C32 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl carboxylic acids, corresponding C1 to C4 alkyl esters and/or metal salts thereof;
(d) 0.1 to 5 weight percent of wax;
(e) 0.1 to 5 weight percent of UV stabilizer;
(f) 0.001 to less than 1 weight percent of processing aid selected from the group consisting of methacrylic esters, acrylic esters, acrylonitrile, styrene, and combinations thereof; and
(g) 0.1 to 5 weight percent of filler,
based upon total weight of the pipe composition,
(h) optionally, up to 2 weight percent of pigment, based upon the total weight of the pipe composition.