Branched fluoropolymers

A process for forming a branched fluoropolymer comprising:

• a) combining
• 1) at least 70 percent by weight of vinylidene fluoride with optionally one or more monomers are selected from the group consisting of vinylidene fluoride, vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethene, tetrafluoroethene, 3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene, 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene, 3,3,3,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene, hexafluoropropene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorinated vinyl ethers, perfluoromethyl vinyl ether, perfluoroethyl vinyl ether, perfluoro-n-propyl vinyl ether, perfluoro-2-propoxypropyl vinyl ether, fluorinated dioxoles, perfluoro(1,3-dioxole), perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole), 2-hydroxyethyl allyl ether, and 3-allyloxypropanediol;
• 2) a persulfate initiator,
• 3) a diperoxide co-initiator, and
• 4) a liquid carrier to form a reaction mixture;
• b) heating the reaction mixture, with agitation, to a temperature of from 120° C. to 150° C.;
• and
• c) adding a constant feed of persulfate initiator to the reaction mixture continuously over the life of the polymerization after the reaction temperature is reached and continuing the persulfate initiator feed until after the monomer feed is stopped, wherein the use of said persulfate initiator at said high polymerization produces fluoropolymer having long chain branching, and less than 5 percent by weight of gels,
• wherein the process does not make use of fluorinated diolefins to induce branching, wherein said long chain branching occurs due to the action of the persulfate initiator on the forming fluoropolymer chain at the high temperature of from 120° C. to 150° C.