Integrated reactors, methods of making same, and methods of conducting simultaneous exothermic and endothermic reactions

An integrated reactor, comprising:

• a first reaction chamber having a height, width and length, wherein there is an open path through the first reaction chamber, wherein the first reaction chamber has an internal volume comprising 5 to 95 vol. % of porous catalyst and 5 to 95 vol. % of open space;
• and a second reaction chamber having a height, width-and length, wherein there is an open path through the second reaction chamber, wherein the second reaction chamber has an internal volume comprising a catalyst and at least 5 vol. % of open space;
• and a reaction chamber wall separating the first chamber and the second chamber;
• and wherein the integrated reactor possesses a NOx output characteristic of less than 100 ppm as measured according to the Standard NOx Test Measurement;
• and wherein the first reaction chamber comprises projections, wherein the projections have a catalyst coating.

An integrated reactor, comprising:

• a first reaction chamber having a height, width-and length, wherein there is an open path through the first reaction chamber, wherein the first reaction chamber has an internal volume comprising 5 to 95 vol. % of porous catalyst and 5 to 95 vol. % of open space;
• and a second reaction chamber having a height, width-and length, wherein there is an open path through the second reaction chamber, wherein the second reaction chamber has an internal volume comprising a catalyst and at least 5 vol. % of open space;
• and a reaction chamber wall separating the first chamber and the second chamber;
• and wherein the integrated reactor possesses a NOx output characteristic of less than 100 ppm as measured according to the Standard NOx Test Measurement;
• and wherein the second reaction chamber comprises a wall separating a first compartment and a second compartment and the wall separating the first and second compartments comprises apertures connecting the first and second compartments along the length of the reactor.

An integrated reactor, comprising:

• a first reaction chamber having a height, width-and length, wherein there is an open path through the first reaction chamber, wherein the first reaction chamber has an internal volume comprising 5 to 95 vol. % of porous catalyst and 5 to 95 vol. % of open space;
• and a second reaction chamber having a height, width-and length, wherein there is an open path through the second reaction chamber, wherein the second reaction chamber has an internal volume comprising a catalyst and at least 5 vol. % of open space;
• and a reaction chamber wall separating the first chamber and the second chamber;
• and wherein the integrated reactor possesses a NOx output characteristic of less than 100 ppm as measured according to the Standard NOx Test Measurement;
• and wherein the reaction chamber wall comprises a metal comprising a buffer layer formed by thermal oxidation.

An integrated reactor, comprising:

• alternating layers of exothermic and endothermic reaction chambers, comprising at least 2 layers of endothermic reaction chambers alternating with at least one layer comprising an exothermic reaction chamber;
• wherein the exothermic reaction chamber comprises an exothermic reaction catalyst;
• wherein the endothermic reaction chambers comprise an endothermic reaction catalyst;
• wherein the at least one exothermic reaction chamber comprises a wall that is adjacent at least one of the endothermic reaction chambers;
• wherein the exothermic reaction chamber comprises a first wall that is adjacent at least one of the endothermic reaction chambers, and a second wall comprising apertures;
• wherein the second wall separates the exothermic reaction chamber from an oxidant or fuel chamber;
• and wherein the integrated reactor possesses a volumetric heat flux characteristic of 1 W/cc to 120 W/cc as measured according to the Volumetric Heat Flux Measurement Test.