# US 8,543,195 B1 · ECG sensing with noise filtering > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,543,195 B1 - Document ID: US8543195B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 13/293,632 - Filed: 2011-11-10 - Granted: 2013-09-24 - Earliest claimed: 2009-11-03 - Assignees: VivaQuant LLC - Applicants: Brian Brockway; Marina Brockway - Inventors: Brian Brockway; Marina Brockway - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8543195B1 ## CPC - A61B 5/7203: {for noise prevention, reduction or removal} - A61B 5/335: using integrated circuit memory devices - A61B 2560/045: with a separable interface unit, e.g. for communication - A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D) ## Abstract Various embodiments are directed to signal processing. In accordance with example embodiments, methods and apparatuses involve using at least two electrodes that sense an ECG signal. A denoising module is communicatively coupled to the at least two electrodes, and receives the ECG signal sensed by the sensing electrodes. The denoising module includes circuitry that conditions and digitizes the ECG signal, and a computing circuit that processes the digitized ECG signal to denoise the ECG signal. A communications circuit generates a communication including the denoised ECG signal for access by a remote device. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus for wearing on a body of a live being, the apparatus comprising: a battery; at least two electrodes configured and arranged to sense an ECG signal from the live being; a denoising module powered by the battery, communicatively coupled to the at least two electrodes and configured and arranged to receive the ECG signal sensed by the sensing electrodes, the denoising module including circuitry configured and arranged to digitize the ECG signal, and a computing circuit configured and arranged to process said digitized ECG signal to denoise the digitized ECG signal by increasing a signal-to-noise ratio in the ECG signal by at least 15 dB, and reconstruct the ECG signal with a quality of signal reconstruction of at least 95%; and a communications circuit powered by the battery and configured and arranged to generate a communication including the reconstructed ECG signal for access by a device remote from the communications circuit. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrodes are dry electrodes. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the computing circuit is configured and arranged to process said digitized ECG signal to reduce in-band noise using multi-domain signal processing. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the computing circuit is configured and arranged to process said digitized ECG signal to reduce in-band noise using principal component analysis. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the computing circuit is configured and arranged to denoise the digitized ECG signal by decomposing the digitized ECG signal from a first domain into subcomponents in a second domain, identify a signal subcomponent in a time segment based upon characteristic frequency content of an ECG in said time segment of a cardiac cycle, and reconstruct the ECG signal by constructing a denoised ECG signal in the first domain from at least two subcomponents identified as signal subcomponents. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the computing circuit is configured and arranged to denoise the digitized ECG signal based upon a time-based distribution of subcomponents resulting from decomposition of the signal. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the communications circuit is integrated with the denoising module in a chip, and the at least two electrodes are directly connected to the chip via a conductive lead, the chip being configured and arranged for wearing by a human and to generate the communication via the communications circuit by generating and transmitting a wireless signal for access by a device remote from the chip. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the ECG signal has a 3 dB bandwidth of at least 40 Hz. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus has a volume of less than 15 cc. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the computing circuit is configured and arranged to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in the ECG signal by at least 25 dB. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the ECG signal is a simulated ECG signal, synthesized according to the ANSI EC57 standard for purposes of measuring the signal-to-noise ratio, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensed signal is between 0 and 30 dB. ### Claim 12 An apparatus comprising: at least two electrodes configured and arranged to sense an ECG signal; a denoising module communicatively coupled to the at least two electrodes and configured and arranged to receive the ECG signal sensed by the sensing electrodes, the denoising module including circuitry configured and arranged to condition and digitize the ECG signal, and a computing circuit configured and arranged to denoise process said digitized ECG signal by decomposing the digitized ECG signal from a first domain into subcomponents in a second domain, identifying subcomponents that are associated with noise based upon a spatial distribution of the subcomponents, and constructing a denoised physiological signal in the first domain from at least two of the subcomponents that have not been identified as being associated with noise; and a communications circuit configured and arranged to generate a communication including the denoised ECG signal for access by a device remote from the communications circuit. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12 wherein identifying subcomponents based upon spatial distribution includes spatially selective-filtering the subcomponents. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12, wherein identifying subcomponents based upon spatial distribution includes identifying the subcomponents using principal component analysis. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the computing circuit is configured and arranged to identify subcomponents that are associated with noise by identifying signal subcomponents as subcomponents having more signal energy than noise energy, and identifying noise subcomponents within a time segment of the ECG signal as subcomponents that are not the signal subcomponents. ### Claim 16 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the computing circuit is configured and arranged to identify subcomponents that are associated with noise by identifying at least one time segment of the ECG signal as being associated with noise based upon frequency content of a representative ECG signal, and identifying subcomponents falling within the at least one time segment as subcomponents that are associated with noise.