# US 8,543,003 B2 · Ingress-mitigated cable communication systems and methods having increased upstream capacity for supporting voice and/or data services

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- Number: US 8,543,003 B2
- Document ID: US8543003B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 13/669,154
- Filed: 2012-11-05
- Published: 2013-03-14
- Granted: 2013-09-24
- Earliest claimed: 2011-07-01
- Assignees: CertusView Technologies, LLC
- Applicants: CertusView Technologies, LLC
- Inventors: Steven Nielsen; Ronald Totten; Travis Halky
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8543003B2

## CPC

- H04B 3/50: Systems for transmission between fixed stations via two-conductor transmission lines (H04B3/54 takes precedence)
- H04B 3/02: Details
- H04B 3/46: Monitoring; Testing
- H04B 10/03: Arrangements for fault recovery
- H04B 10/0773: {Network aspects, e.g. central monitoring of transmission parameters}
- H04B 10/1143: {Bidirectional transmission}
- H04B 10/2575: Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
- H04B 10/25751: {Optical arrangements for CATV or video distribution (adaptations of television systems for optical transmission H04N7/22)}
- H04J 3/00: Time-division multiplex systems (H04J14/00 takes precedence; relay systems H04B7/14; selecting techniques H04Q)
- H04J 3/1694: {Allocation of channels in TDM/TDMA networks, e.g. distributed multiplexers (Passive Optical Networks H04Q11/0062)}
- H04L 43/0823: Errors, e.g. transmission errors
- H04N 17/00: Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details
- H04N 17/004: {for digital television systems}
- H04N 21/6168: {involving cable transmission, e.g. using a cable modem}
- H04N 21/6175: {involving transmission via Internet (broadcast-related systems characterised by the transmission system being the Internet H04H60/82)}
- H04Q 11/0067: {Provisions for optical access or distribution networks, e.g. Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GE-PON), ATM-based Passive Optical Network (A-PON), PON-Ring}
- H04W 52/225: {Calculation of statistics, e.g. average or variance}
- H04N 21/6118: {involving cable transmission, e.g. using a cable modem}
- H04B: TRANSMISSION
- H04J: MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION (transmission in general H04B; peculiar to transmission of digital information H04L5/00; systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal H04N7/08; in exchanges H04Q11/00; stereophonic systems H04S)
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)
- H04N: PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04Q: SELECTING (switches, relays, selectors H01H; wireless communication networks H04W)
- H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72)

## Abstract

Cable communication systems and methods to provide voice and/or data services to subscriber premises in one or more neighborhood nodes via an ingress-mitigated cable plant that conveys upstream information over an upstream path bandwidth. One or more upstream radio frequency (RF) signals have a carrier frequency of between approximately 5 MHz and 19.6 MHz and are modulated using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) with voice and/or data information constituting at least some of the upstream information. An example RF signal defines a channel having an average channel power, and a highest value for an average noise power between 5 MHz and 19.6 MHz in the upstream path bandwidth of a given neighborhood node, as measured over at least a 24 hour period, is at least 25 decibels (dB) below the average channel power and/or less than 20 decibels (dB) above a noise floor associated with the neighborhood node.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A cable communication system to provide voice and/or data services to a plurality of subscriber premises, the system comprising:
at least a first neighborhood node having an infrastructure comprising:
a first fiber optic cable;
a first node optical/RF converter coupled to the first fiber optic cable; and
a ingress-mitigated cable plant, coupled to the first node optical/RF converter, to convey at least upstream information from the plurality of subscriber premises over an upstream path bandwidth assigned to the first neighborhood node, wherein:
the cable plant in the first neighborhood node passes at least 200 premises;
the plurality of subscriber premises in the first neighborhood node includes at least 75 subscriber premises;
the cable plant includes at least 20 amplifiers;
a node mileage of the first neighborhood node is at least three miles; and
a cascade for the cable plant in the first neighborhood node is at least five (NODE+5); and
a headend or hub comprising:
a headend optical/radio frequency (RF) converter coupled to the first fiber optic cable of the first neighborhood node;
a cable modem system coupled to the headend optical/RF converter and including a plurality of demodulation tuners to receive and demodulate a plurality of upstream radio frequency (RF) signals from the first neighborhood node, each upstream RF signal of the plurality of upstream RF signals including at least one encoded carrier wave having at least one carrier frequency in the upstream path bandwidth of the first neighborhood node and being modulated, using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), with voice and/or data information constituting at least some of the upstream information from at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises,
wherein:
the plurality of upstream RF signals includes a first upstream RF signal having at least one first carrier frequency of greater than or equal to approximately 5 MHz, and less than or equal to approximately 19.6 MHz;
the first upstream RF signal defines a first upstream physical communication channel in the upstream path bandwidth of the first neighborhood node, the first upstream physical communication channel having a first upstream average channel power; and
a highest value for an average noise power between 5 MHz and 19.6 MHz in the upstream path bandwidth, as measured over at least a 24 hour period at a first junction of the cable modem system and the headend optical/RF converter or a second junction of the cable plant and the first node optical/RF converter, is at least 25 decibels (dB) below the first upstream average channel power.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the highest value for the average noise power between 5 MHz and 19.6 MHz in the upstream path bandwidth, as measured over at least the 24 hour period at the first junction of the cable modem system and the headend optical/RF converter or the second junction of the cable plant and the first node optical/RF converter, is at least 30 decibels (dB) below the first upstream average channel power.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the ingress-mitigated cable plant is underground.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the upstream path bandwidth includes a range of frequencies from approximately 5 MHz to at least approximately 42 MHz.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein:
the first neighborhood node includes at least a first service group including a first number of subscriber premises of the plurality of subscriber premises;
the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the first service group;
the first number of subscriber premises included in the first service group is at least 100;
the first upstream physical communication channel has a first deployed capacity (Mbits/s); and
the first voice and/or data information constitutes a first channel utilization index of at least 50% of the first deployed capacity of the first upstream physical communication channel over a predetermined time period.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein:
the highest value for the average noise power between 5 MHz and 19.6 MHz in the upstream path bandwidth, as measured over at least the 24 hour period at the first junction of the cable modem system and the headend optical/RF converter or the second junction of the cable plant and the first node optical/RF converter, is at least 34 decibels (dB) below the first upstream average channel power; and
a modulation order of the QAM for the first upstream RF signal is at least 256.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The system of claim 6, wherein an unequalized modulation error ratio (MER) of the first upstream physical communication channel is at least 28 decibels (dB).

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of upstream RF signals further includes a second upstream RF signal having a second carrier frequency less than 19.6 MHz;
each of the first upstream RF signal and the second upstream RF signal is encoded with at least some of the voice and/or data information using a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocol or an Advanced Time Division Multiple Access (ATDMA) protocol; and
the plurality of demodulation tuners includes:
a first demodulation tuner configured to receive and demodulate the first upstream RF signal using the TDMA protocol or the ATDMA protocol; and
a second demodulation tuner configured to receive and demodulate the second upstream RF signal using the TDMA protocol or the ATDMA protocol.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein:
an aggregate deployed upstream capacity of the plurality of upstream RF signals to convey, in a portion of the upstream path bandwidth below 16.4 MHz, the at least some of the upstream information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises in the first neighborhood node is at least approximately 12 Megabits per second (Mbits/s).

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The system of claim 9, wherein the aggregate deployed upstream capacity of the plurality of upstream RF signals to convey, in a portion of the upstream path bandwidth below 16.4 MHz, the at least some of the upstream information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises in the first neighborhood node is at least 53.76 Mbits/s.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein a modulation order of the QAM for the first upstream RF signal is selected from a group consisting of 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048 and 4096.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, wherein:
the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises; and
the first voice and/or data information is encoded using a Reed-Soloman forward error correction code.

### Claim 13 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, wherein:
the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises; and
the first voice and/or data information is encoded using a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) error correction code.

### Claim 14 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, wherein:
the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises; and
the first upstream RF signal is encoded with the voice and/or data information using a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocol or an Advanced Time Division Multiple Access (ATDMA) protocol.

### Claim 15 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, wherein:
the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises; and
the first upstream RF signal is encoded with the voice and/or data information using a Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (S-CDMA) protocol.

### Claim 16 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, wherein:
the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises; and
the first upstream RF signal is encoded with the voice and/or data information using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM).

### Claim 17 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, wherein:
a highest value for the average noise power between 5 MHz and 19.6 MHz in the upstream path bandwidth, as measured over at least a 24 hour period at a first junction of the cable modem system and the headend optical/RF converter or a second junction of the cable plant and the first node optical/RF converter, is less than 10 decibels (dB) above a noise floor associated with the upstream path bandwidth, as measured over at least the 24 hour period at the first junction of the cable modem system and the headend optical/RF converter or the second junction of the cable plant and the first node optical/RF converter of the first neighborhood node.

### Claim 18 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, wherein:
a carrier-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (CNIR) of the first upstream physical communication channel is at least 28 decibels (dB); and
an unequalized modulation error ratio (MER) of the first upstream communication channel is at least 22 decibels (dB).

### Claim 19

In a cable communication system to provide voice and/or data services to a plurality of subscriber premises, the system comprising:
at least a first neighborhood node having an infrastructure comprising:
a first fiber optic cable;
a first node optical/RF converter coupled to the first fiber optic cable; and
a ingress-mitigated cable plant, coupled to the first node optical/RF converter, to convey at least upstream information from the plurality of subscriber premises over an upstream path bandwidth assigned to the first neighborhood node, wherein:
the cable plant in the first neighborhood node passes at least 200 premises;
the plurality of subscriber premises in the first neighborhood node includes at least 75 subscriber premises;
the cable plant includes at least 20 amplifiers;
a node mileage of the first neighborhood node is at least three miles; and
a cascade for the cable plant in the first neighborhood node is at least five (NODE+5); and
a headend or hub comprising:
a headend optical/radio frequency (RF) converter coupled to the first fiber optic cable of the first neighborhood node;
a cable modem system coupled to the headend optical/RF converter and including a plurality of demodulation tuners to receive and demodulate a plurality of upstream radio frequency (RF) signals from the first neighborhood node, each upstream RF signal of the plurality of upstream RF signals including at least one encoded carrier wave having at least one carrier frequency in the upstream path bandwidth of the first neighborhood node and being modulated, using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), with voice and/or data information constituting at least some of the upstream information from at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises,
a method of transmitting the at least some of the upstream information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises, the method comprising:
transmitting from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises at least a first upstream RF signal having at least one first carrier frequency of greater than or equal to approximately 5 MHz, and less than or equal to approximately 19.6 MHz,
wherein:
the first upstream RF signal defines a first upstream physical communication channel in the upstream path bandwidth of the first neighborhood node, the first upstream physical communication channel having a first upstream average channel power; and
a highest value for an average noise power between 5 MHz and 19.6 MHz in the upstream path bandwidth, as measured over at least a 24 hour period at a first junction of the cable modem system and the headend optical/RF converter or a second junction of the cable plant and the first node optical/RF converter, is at least 25 decibels (dB) below the first upstream average channel power.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The method of claim 19, wherein:
the first neighborhood node includes at least a first service group including a first number of subscriber premises of the plurality of subscriber premises;
the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the first service group;
the first number of subscriber premises included in the first service group is at least 100;
the first upstream physical communication channel has a first deployed capacity (Mbits/s); and
the first voice and/or data information constitutes a first channel utilization index of at least 50% of the first deployed capacity of the first upstream physical communication channel over a predetermined time period.

### Claim 21 (depends on 19)

The method of claim 19, wherein a modulation order of the QAM for the first upstream RF signal is selected from a group consisting of 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048 and 4096.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

The method of claim 21, wherein:
the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises; and
the first voice and/or data information is encoded using a Reed-Soloman forward error correction code.

### Claim 23 (depends on 21)

The method of claim 21, wherein:
the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises; and
the first voice and/or data information is encoded using a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) error correction code.

### Claim 24 (depends on 21)

The method of claim 21, wherein:
the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises; and
the first upstream RF signal is encoded with the voice and/or data information using a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocol or an Advanced Time Division Multiple Access (ATDMA) protocol.

### Claim 25 (depends on 21)

The method of claim 21, wherein:
the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises; and
the first upstream RF signal is encoded with the voice and/or data information using a Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (S-CDMA) protocol.

### Claim 26 (depends on 21)

The method of claim 21, wherein:
the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises; and
the first upstream RF signal is encoded with the voice and/or data information using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM).

### Claim 27 (depends on 21)

The method of claim 21, wherein:
a highest value for the average noise power between 5 MHz and 19.6 MHz in the upstream path bandwidth, as measured over at least a 24 hour period at a first junction of the cable modem system and the headend optical/RF converter or a second junction of the cable plant and the first node optical/RF converter, is less than 10 decibels (dB) above a noise floor associated with the upstream path bandwidth, as measured over at least the 24 hour period at the first junction of the cable modem system and the headend optical/RF converter or the second junction of the cable plant and the first node optical/RF converter of the first neighborhood node.

### Claim 28 (depends on 21)

The method of claim 21, wherein:
a carrier-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (CNIR) of the first upstream physical communication channel is at least 28 decibels (dB); and
an unequalized modulation error ratio (MER) of the first upstream communication channel is at least 22 decibels (dB).

### Claim 29

A cable communication system to provide voice and/or data services to a plurality of subscriber premises, the system comprising:
at least a first neighborhood node having an infrastructure comprising:
a first fiber optic cable;
a first node optical/RF converter coupled to the first fiber optic cable; and
a ingress-mitigated cable plant, coupled to the first node optical/RF converter, to convey at least upstream information from the plurality of subscriber premises over an upstream path bandwidth assigned to the first neighborhood node, wherein:
the cable plant in the first neighborhood node passes at least 200 premises;
the plurality of subscriber premises in the first neighborhood node includes at least 75 subscriber premises;
the cable plant includes at least 20 amplifiers;
a node mileage of the first neighborhood node is at least three miles; and
a cascade for the cable plant in the first neighborhood node is at least five (NODE+5); and
a headend or hub comprising:
a headend optical/radio frequency (RF) converter coupled to the first fiber optic cable of the first neighborhood node;
a cable modem system coupled to the headend optical/RF converter and including a plurality of demodulation tuners to receive and demodulate a plurality of upstream radio frequency (RF) signals from the first neighborhood node, each upstream RF signal of the plurality of upstream RF signals including at least one encoded carrier wave having at least one carrier frequency in the upstream path bandwidth of the first neighborhood node and being modulated, using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), with voice and/or data information constituting at least some of the upstream information from at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises,
wherein:
the plurality of upstream RF signals includes a first upstream RF signal having at least one first carrier frequency of greater than or equal to approximately 5 MHz, and less than or equal to approximately 19.6 MHz;
the first upstream RF signal defines a first upstream physical communication channel in the upstream path bandwidth of the first neighborhood node, the first upstream physical communication channel having a first upstream average channel power; and
a highest value for an average noise power between 5 MHz and 19.6 MHz in the upstream path bandwidth, as measured over at least a 24 hour period at a first junction of the cable modem system and the headend optical/RF converter or a second junction of the cable plant and the first node optical/RF converter, is less than 20 decibels (dB) above a noise floor associated with the upstream path bandwidth assigned to the first neighborhood node, as measured over at least the 24 hour period at the first junction of the cable modem system and the headend optical/RF converter or the second junction of the cable plant and the first node optical/RF converter of the first neighborhood node.