# US 8,542,871 B2 · Brand protection and product authentication using portable devices > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,542,871 B2 - Document ID: US8542871B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 13/570,396 - Filed: 2012-08-09 - Published: 2012-11-29 - Granted: 2013-09-24 - Earliest claimed: 2006-06-30 - Assignees: University of Geneva - Applicants: Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy; Oleksiy Koval; Thierry Pun - Inventors: Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy; Oleksiy Koval; Thierry Pun - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8542871B2 ## CPC - G07D 7/005: Testing security markings invisible to the naked eye, e.g. verifying thickened lines or unobtrusive markings or alterations - G07D: HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING ## Abstract A method and apparatus for protection of products and packaging against counterfeiting using dedicated authentication protocol coupled with portable devices. It is based on the product identification information, i.e., PIN, generated by the product manufacturer, stored in the product database and added to product or packaging in an open and/or a hidden form. The open part is directly available to the consumer before buying, opening or consuming the product or package or damaging its integrity while the hidden part is only revealed after these operations. The hidden information can also be disappearing after a predefined interval of time or number of trials or usages. Both parts are communicated to the authentication server in a predefined order to verify the product or package authenticity. The presence, absence, or multiple requests for the same product PIN, confirm or reject product authenticity or detect attempt at attacking the system or using counterfeited products. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for the protection of products or the identification of their validity, expiration date or origin comprising the steps of: (a) generating identification information m for a product to be protected, wherein generating said identification information m comprises generating visual representations in the form of visual data yP; (b) storing the generated identification information m in a product identification number (PIN) database; (c) mapping the identification information m and a key K into a codeword c comprising a regular part cRP and a parity check part cPC; (d) communicating said regular part cRP and parity check part cPC via a common channel or separated channels to a modulator; (e) modulating said regular part cRP and parity check part cPC to produce visual data yP reproduced on the product or on reproduction means attached to the product; (f) reproducing the generated identification information m, including visual data yP on the product or on said attached reproduction means, said generated identification information reproduced on the product or on said reproduction means comprising an open part and a hidden part; (g) acquiring, at any time when authenticity of said products is to be verified by a consumer, the identification information {circumflex over (m)} from the product or from said reproduction means using a portable device; (h) communicating the acquired identification information {circumflex over (m)} over a communications channel to an entity having access to said PIN database, by formulating a request for authentication; (i) verifying the acquired identification information {circumflex over (m)} by comparison to the generated identification information m stored in the PIN database and generating a message certifying their match or mismatch; (k) updating the PIN database with the result of the authentication verification; and (l) informing a consumer of the result, and wherein said visual data yP comprises an open part and a hidden part that are used for product authentication, the product authentication comprising the steps of— i) acquiring the open part of said visual data yP by a portable device and obtaining the result of the authentication verification based on the verification procedure of steps g to i; ii) registering the request in a database of requests forming part of said PIN database and confirming or rejecting the product authenticity within a restricted shopping or authentication area; iii) in the case of a predefined number of negative attempts of authenticity verification from a same identified portable device, informing the consumer about the repetitive failures to authenticate the product and asking the consumer to avoid buying, opening and/or consuming the good, product or brand from a given place or series while denying all further authentication services for a defined period of time to protect the authentication server against exhaustive search, guessing or overload attacks; iv) in the case of positive confirmation, informing the consumer of a possibility of proceeding with buying, opening and/or consuming an authentic product, while the final authentication is to be performed based on the hidden part of said visual data yP using acquisition by the portable device and the verification procedure of steps g to i; v) confirming or rejecting product authenticity based on the verification of the decoded hidden part of said visual data yP by comparing it with said data stored in the PIN database and registering the request for authentication in the request database; vi) communicating the authentication results to the requesting portable device using any available communication means; vii marking a PIN that passed successful authentication after above steps iv) and v) as a bought one and updating the PIN database accordingly. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein acquiring the identification information comprises automatically acquiring the identification information using an acquisition device being part of said portable device. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein acquiring the identification information comprises applying direct manual acquisition of the information using input means. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said entity having access to said PIN database to which the acquired identification information is communicated comprises computing means, or a human. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein informing a consumer of the result is selected from the group consisting of displaying the result, vibrating to indicate the result, or generating audio signals to indicate the result. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein step (i), verifying and generating is performed by the portable device. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein step (i), verifying and generating is performed by an authentication server communicatively coupled to the portable device. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein step (g), acquiring, at any time when authenticity of said products is to be verified by a consumer, identification information {circumflex over (m)} from the product or from said reproduction means comprises the consumer entering visual data yP into the portable device using a keyboard. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the visual data yP is selected from the group consisting of alphanumeric characters, graphics, and bar codes. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the identification information m is reproduced on a surface of the product and/or on said attached reproduction means which may consist in a packaging of the product, a label of the product, or a certificate accompanying the product, a document, a mark or a label establishing product origin, or any combination thereof. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein said hidden part of said visual data yP can be revealed by removing a protecting cover or layer, or by opening the packaging or product in such a way that the integrity of the hidden part is destroyed and unrecoverable. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein generating visual representations in the form of visual data yP comprises generating encoded and/or encrypted data y based on the identification information m and secret key K, then modulating the encoded and/or encrypted data to form visual data yP. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12 wherein generating identification information further comprises generating a codeword c, and generating a watermark sequence w, the watermark sequence w being combined with the codeword c resulting in the visual data yP. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13 wherein generating the codeword c comprises using encryption and/or encoding, and the secret key K, to generate the codeword c. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein generating the codeword c comprises using error correcting coding (ECC), wherein the ECC is selected from the group consisting of Bose-Chaudhuri-Hochquenghem (BCH) codes, Reed-Solomon (RS) codes, low density parity check (LDPC) codes, Turbo codes, multilevel-code (MLC), and trellis coded modulation (TCM). ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein the codeword c is generated from a secret code K1, whereas the watermark sequence w is combined with the codeword c resulting in the data yP. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the portable device is selected from a group of devices consisting of: a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone and a camera. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein generating identification information m for a product to be protected comprises generating information for a product m selected from the group of products consisting of: (a) Anti-counterfeiting labels or packaging, boxes, shipping invoices, tax stamps, postage stamps and various printed documents associated with the product for authentication and certification of its origin; (b) Medical prescriptions; (c) Medicines and pharmaceutical products including but not limited to cough drops, prescription drugs, antibiotics; (d) Adulterated food, beverages, alcohol as well as coffee and chocolate; (e) Baby food and children toys; (f) Clothing, footwear and sportswear; (g) Health, skin care products, personal care and beauty aids items including perfume, cosmetics, shampoo, toothpaste; (h) Household cleaning goods; (i) Luxury goods including watches, clothing, footwear, jewelry, glasses, cigarettes and tobacco, products from leather including handbags, gloves; (j) Car, helicopter and airplane parts and electronic chipsets for computers, phones and consumer electronics; (k) Prepaid cards for communications or other services using similar protocol of credit recharging; and (l) Computer software, video and audio tapes, CDs, DVDs and other means of multimedia data storage with music, movies and video games. ### Claim 19 A method for the protection of products or the identification of their validity, expiration date or origin comprising the steps of: (a) generating identification information m for a product to be protected, wherein generating said identification information m comprises generating visual representations in the form of visual data yP; (b) storing the generated identification information m in a product identification number (PIN) database; (c) mapping the identification information m and a key K into a codeword c comprising a regular part cRP and a parity check part cPC; (d) communicating said regular part cRP and parity check part cPC via a common channel or separated channels to a modulator; (e) modulating said regular part cRP and parity check part cPC to produce visual data yP reproduced on the product or on reproduction means attached to the product; (f) reproducing the generated identification information m, including visual data yP on the product or on said attached reproduction means, said generated identification information m reproduced on the product or on said reproduction means comprising an open part and a hidden part; (g) acquiring, at any time when authenticity of said products is to be verified by a consumer, the identification information {circumflex over (m)} from the product or from said reproduction means using a portable device; (h) communicating the acquired identification information {circumflex over (m)} over a communications channel to an entity having access to said PIN database, by formulating a request for authentication; (i) verifying the acquired identification information {circumflex over (m)} by comparison to the generated identification information m stored in the PIN database and generating a message certifying their match or mismatch; (k) updating the PIN database with the result of the authentication verification; and (l) informing a consumer of the result and wherein said visual data yP can be reproduced only a predefined number of times using self-destroyable materials or materials that change or modify their properties under specified conditions to prevent product or packaging reuse or refilling and indicate the fact that a given product was bought or consumed. ### Claim 20 A method for the protection of products or the identification of their validity, expiration date or origin comprising the steps of: (a) generating identification information m for a product to be protected, wherein generating said identification information m comprises generating visual representations in the form of visual data yP; (b) storing the generated identification information m in a product identification number (PIN) database; (c) mapping the identification information m and a key K into a codeword c comprising a regular part cRP and a parity check part cPC; (d) communicating said regular part cRP and parity check part cPC via a common channel or separated channels to a modulator; (e) modulating said regular part cRP and parity check part cPC to produce visual data yP reproduced on the product or on reproduction means attached to the product; (f) reproducing the generated identification information m, including visual data yP on the product or on said attached reproduction means, said generated identification information m reproduced on the product or on said reproduction means comprising an open port and a hidden port; (g) acquiring, at any time when authenticity of said products is to be verified by a consumer, the identification information {circumflex over (m)} from the product or from said reproduction means using a portable device; (h) communicating the acquired identification information {circumflex over (m)} over a communications channel to an entity having access to said PIN database, by formulating a request for authentication; (i) verifying the acquired identification information {circumflex over (m)} by comparison to the generated identification information m stored in the PIN database and generating a message certifying their match or mismatch; (k) updating the PIN database with the result of the authentication verification; and (l) informing a consumer of the result, and wherein step v) performing said confirmation containing the product PIN, the time of requests for authentication and information about the requesting portable device comprises the step of encrypting and/or encoding said pieces of information into a visual signal using a secret key unknown to the consumer, sent to the consumer either after successful complete product authentication, or after a certain number of the above attempts or on the consumer demand and can be used as proof of product authenticity and/or of authentication requests of the bought product certified by the authentication services. ### Claim 21 A method for the protection of products or the identification of their validity, expiration date or origin comprising the steps of: (a) generating identification information m for a product to be protected, wherein generating said identification information m comprises generating visual representations in the form of visual data yP; (b) storing the generated identification information m in a product identification number (PIN) database; (c) mapping the identification information m and a key K into a codeword c comprising a regular part cRP and a parity check part cPC; (d) communicating said regular part cRP and parity check part cPC via a common channel or separated channels to a modulator; (e) modulating said regular part cRP and parity check part cPC to produce visual data yP reproduced on the product or on reproduction means attached to the product; (f) reproducing the generated identification information m, including visual data yP on the product or on said attached reproduction means; (g) acquiring, at any time when authenticity of said products is to be verified by a consumer, the identification information {circumflex over (m)} from the product or from said reproduction means using a portable device; (h) communicating the acquired identification information {circumflex over (m)} over a communications channel to an entity having access to said PIN database, by formulating a request for authentication; (i) verifying the acquired identification information {circumflex over (m)} by comparison to the generated identification information m stored in the PIN database and generating a message certifying their match or mismatch; (k) updating the PIN database with the result of the authentication verification; and (l) informing a consumer of the result, and wherein generating visual representations in the form of visual data yP comprises generating encoded and/or encrypted data y based on the identification information m and secret key K, then modulating the encoded and/or encrypted data to form visual data yP, and wherein generating identification information further comprises generating a codeword c, and generating a watermark sequence w, the watermark sequence w being combined with the codeword c resulting in the visual data yP, said codeword c may contain any mixture of alphanumeric symbols of any font and size in any language or vector graphics components or any selected waveforms or objects from the predefined database of hosts, uncoded random waveforms or said coded waveforms according to selected information respectively secret key m1 and K1 associated with the product and representing visible data while information m2 associated with the same product in the PIN database is considered to be embedded into the codeword c as a watermark based on a secret key K2 using any suitable form of watermark coding based on Gel'fand-Pinsker or binning. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The method of claim 21 wherein said selected components for watermarking are chosen from the group of text structures, dots, lines, any symbologies, vector graphics components; wherein elements suitable for modulation are single characters, parts or zones of single characters divided in a known manner, groups of characters, dots or lines, vector graphics elements or known parts of them; wherein elements used for marking are selected based on any criteria in prevision of future accurate detection. ### Claim 23 A method for the protection of products or the identification of their validity, expiration date or origin comprising the steps of: (a) generating identification information m for a product to be protected; (b) storing the generated identification information m in a product identification number (PIN) database, wherein said the PIN database comprises a database portion for authentication request data and/or user data; (c) reproducing the generated identification information m on the product or on reproduction means attached to the product; (d) acquiring, at any time when authenticity of said products is to be verified by a consumer, the identification information {circumflex over (m)} from the product or from said reproduction means using a portable device; (e) communicating the acquired identification information {circumflex over (m)} over a communication channel to an entity having access to said PIN database, by formulating a request for authentication; (f) verifying the acquired identification information {circumflex over (m)} by comparison to the generated identification information m stored in the PIN database and generating a message certifying their match or mismatch; (g) updating the PIN database with a result of the authentication verification; (h) informing a consumer of the result; (i) registering in said database portion times of requests for authentication and information about the requesting portable device; (j) registering in said database portion the number of successful and unsuccessful authentication requests from the portable device for future bonuses, discounts, free communication services, phone ringtones, sounds, clips, or any other benefits from a frequent buying program; and (k) registering in said database portion consumer account information. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The method of claim 23 wherein said acquisition, processing and verification is performed directly on a portable device, or the acquired data are sent to an authentication server which performs said processing and verification and sends back the result of the authenticity verification to the portable device, or said acquisition and processing are performed on the portable device and the decoded data {circumflex over (m)} are sent to the authentication server which performs verification and sends back the result of the authenticity verification, while the information identifying the requesting portable device, time, and/or other relevant information and the questioned product data {circumflex over (m)} are jointly registered in a database of requests forming part of said PIN database. ### Claim 25 (depends on 23) The method of claim 23, wherein said request for authentication is sent to an address, preferably a service telephone number, URL address, e-email address or any other electronic pointer, reproduced on the product or any other attached reproduction means, this address being either unique for a given brand, group of products or publicly known to prevent false address attacks. ### Claim 26 (depends on 23) The method of claim 23, wherein the portable device is selected from a group of devices consisting of: a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone and a camera.