# US 8,542,765 B2 · Hierarchical coding with multiple antennas in a wireless communication system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,542,765 B2 - Document ID: US8542765B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 12/777,518 - Filed: 2010-05-11 - Published: 2010-09-02 - Granted: 2013-09-24 - Earliest claimed: 2003-09-25 - Assignees: QUALCOMM Incorporated - Applicants: Ashok Mantravadi; Avneesh Agrawal - Inventors: Ashok Mantravadi; Avneesh Agrawal - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8542765B2 ## CPC - H04L 1/0618: {Space-time coding} - H04B 7/0669: {using different channel coding between antennas (space-time coding H04L1/0618)} - H04L 1/005: {Iterative decoding, including iteration between signal detection and decoding operation} - H04L 1/0066: {Parallel concatenated codes} - H04L 1/0071: {Use of interleaving (interleaving per se H03M13/27)} - H04L 27/3488: {Multiresolution systems} - H04L 2001/0093: {Point-to-multipoint} - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - H04B: TRANSMISSION ## Abstract Techniques are provided for performing hierarchical coding in a multi-antenna communication system (e.g., a SIMO, MISO, or MIMO system). At a transmitter, a base stream and an enhancement stream are coded and modulated separately to obtain first and second data symbol streams, respectively. The first data symbol stream is processed in accordance with a first spatial processing scheme (e.g., a transmit diversity or a spatial multiplexing scheme) to obtain a first set of symbol substreams. The second data symbol stream is processed in accordance with a second spatial processing scheme (e.g., transmit diversity or spatial multiplexing) to obtain a second set of symbol substreams. The first set of symbol substreams is combined (e.g., using time division multiplexing or superposition) with the second set of symbol substreams to obtain multiple transmit symbol streams for transmission from multiple transmit antennas. A receiver performs complementary processing to recover the base stream and enhancement stream. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of transmitting a base stream of data and an enhancement stream of data in a wireless communication system, comprising: coding and modulating the base stream to obtain a first data symbol stream, wherein the base stream is designated to be received by a plurality of receiving entities; coding and modulating the enhancement stream to obtain a second data symbol stream, wherein the enhancement stream is designated to be received by at least one receiving entity, and wherein the coding and modulating for the base and enhancement streams are not dependent on channel realizations of receiving entities for the base and enhancement streams; processing the first data symbol stream in accordance with a first spatial processing scheme to obtain a first plurality of symbol substreams; processing the second data symbol stream in accordance with a second spatial processing scheme to obtain a second plurality of symbol substreams, wherein the processing for the first and second data symbol streams is not dependent on the channel realizations of the receiving entities for the base and enhancement streams; and combining the first plurality of symbol substreams with the second plurality of symbol substreams to obtain a plurality of transmit symbol streams for transmission from a plurality of transmit antennas, wherein the combining utilizes a time division multiplexing scheme or a superposition scheme, comprising: scaling the first plurality of symbol substreams that are hierarchically coded with a first scaling factor to obtain a first plurality of scaled symbol substreams, scaling the second plurality of symbol substreams that are hierarchically coded with a second scaling factor to obtain a second plurality of scaled symbol substreams, and performing multiplexing or summing the first plurality of scaled symbol substreams and the second plurality of scaled symbol substreams to obtain the plurality of transmit symbol streams, wherein multiplexing is performed when the time division multiplexing is utilized and summing is performed when the superposition scheme is used. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the base stream and the enhancement stream are transmitted for a broadcast service. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, wherein the base stream is coded, modulated, and spatially processed for recovery by receiving entities achieving a first signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or better, and wherein the enhancement stream is coded, modulated, and spatially processed for recovery by receiving entities achieving a second SNR or better, where the second SNR is higher than the first SNR. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first spatial processing scheme is a transmit diversity scheme or a spatial multiplexing scheme, and wherein the second spatial processing scheme is the transmit diversity scheme or the spatial multiplexing scheme. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second spatial processing schemes is a transmit diversity scheme. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second spatial processing schemes is a space-time transmit diversity (STTD) scheme. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first spatial processing scheme is a transmit diversity scheme and the second spatial processing scheme is a spatial multiplexing scheme. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second spatial processing schemes is a spatial multiplexing scheme. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless communication system is a multi-carrier communication system. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein the wireless communication system implements orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless communication system is single-carrier communication system. ### Claim 12 An apparatus in a wireless communication system, comprising: a first data processor operative to code and modulate a base stream of data to obtain a first data symbol stream; a second data processor operative to code and modulate an enhancement stream of data to obtain a second data symbol stream; a first spatial processor operative to process the first data symbol stream in accordance with a first spatial processing scheme to obtain a first plurality of symbol substreams; a second spatial processor operative to process the second data symbol stream in accordance with a second spatial processing scheme to obtain a second plurality of symbol substreams; and a combiner operative to combine the first plurality of symbol substreams with the second plurality of symbol substreams to obtain a plurality of transmit symbol streams for transmission from a plurality of transmit antennas, wherein the combiner is operative using a time division multiplexing scheme or a superposition scheme that: scales the first plurality of symbol substreams that are hierarchically coded with a first scaling factor to obtain a first plurality of scaled symbol substreams, scales the second plurality of symbol substreams that are hierarchically coded with a second scaling factor to obtain a second plurality of scaled symbol substreams, and performs multiplexing or summing the first plurality of scaled symbol substreams and the second plurality of scaled symbol substreams to obtain the plurality of transmit symbol streams, wherein multiplexing is performed when the time division multiplexing is used and summing is performed when the superposition scheme is used. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the base stream and the enhancement stream are transmitted for a broadcast service. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the base stream is coded, modulated, and spatially processed for recovery by receiving entities achieving a first signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or better, and wherein the enhancement stream is coded, modulated, and spatially processed for recovery by receiving entities achieving a second SNR or better, where the second SNR is higher than the first SNR. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the first spatial processing scheme is a transmit diversity scheme or a spatial multiplexing scheme, and wherein the second spatial processing scheme is the transmit diversity scheme or the spatial multiplexing scheme. ### Claim 16 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12, wherein each of the first and second spatial processing schemes is a transmit diversity scheme. ### Claim 17 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12, wherein each of the first and second spatial processing schemes is a space-time transmit diversity (STTD) scheme. ### Claim 18 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the first spatial processing scheme is a transmit diversity scheme and the second spatial processing scheme is a spatial multiplexing scheme. ### Claim 19 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12, wherein each of the first and second spatial processing schemes is a spatial multiplexing scheme. ### Claim 20 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the wireless communication system is a multi-carrier communication system. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the wireless communication system implements orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). ### Claim 22 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the wireless communication system is single-carrier communication system. ### Claim 23 An apparatus in a wireless communication system, comprising: means for coding and modulating a base stream to obtain a first data symbol stream, wherein the base stream is designated to be received by a plurality of receiving entities; means for coding and modulating an enhancement stream to obtain a second data symbol stream, wherein the enhancement stream is designated to be received by at least one receiving entity, and wherein the coding and modulating for the base and enhancement streams are not dependent on channel realizations of receiving entities for the base and enhancement streams; means for processing the first data symbol stream in accordance with a first spatial processing scheme to obtain a first plurality of symbol substreams; means for processing the second data symbol stream in accordance with a second spatial processing scheme to obtain a second plurality of symbol substreams, wherein the processing for the first and second data symbol streams is not dependent on the channel realizations of the receiving entities for the base and enhancement streams; and means for combining the first plurality of symbol substreams with the second plurality of symbol substreams to obtain a plurality of transmit symbol streams for transmission from a plurality of transmit antennas, wherein the means for combining utilizes a time division multiplexing scheme or a superposition scheme, comprising: means for scaling the first plurality of symbol substreams that are hierarchically coded with a first scaling factor to obtain a first plurality of scaled symbol substreams, means for scaling the second plurality of symbol substreams that are hierarchically coded with a second scaling factor to obtain a second plurality of scaled symbol substreams, and means for performing multiplexing or summing the first plurality of scaled symbol substreams and the second plurality of scaled symbol substreams to obtain the plurality of transmit symbol streams, wherein multiplexing is performed when the time division multiplexing is utilized and summing is performed when the superposition scheme is utilized. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the base stream and the enhancement stream are transmitted for a broadcast service. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the base stream is coded, modulated, and spatially processed for recovery by receiving entities achieving a first signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or better, and wherein the enhancement stream is coded, modulated, and spatially processed for recovery by receiving entities achieving a second SNR or better, where the second SNR is higher than the first SNR. ### Claim 26 (depends on 23) The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the first spatial processing scheme is a transmit diversity scheme or a spatial multiplexing scheme, and wherein the second spatial processing scheme is the transmit diversity scheme or the spatial multiplexing scheme. ### Claim 27 (depends on 23) The apparatus of claim 23, wherein each of the first and second spatial processing schemes is a transmit diversity scheme. ### Claim 28 (depends on 23) The apparatus of claim 23, wherein each of the first and second spatial processing schemes is a space-time transmit diversity (STTD) scheme. ### Claim 29 (depends on 23) The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the first spatial processing scheme is a transmit diversity scheme and the second spatial processing scheme is a spatial multiplexing scheme. ### Claim 30 (depends on 23) The apparatus of claim 23, wherein each of the first and second spatial processing schemes is a spatial multiplexing scheme. ### Claim 31 (depends on 23) The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the wireless communication system is a multi-carrier communication system. ### Claim 32 (depends on 31) The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the wireless communication system implements orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). ### Claim 33 (depends on 23) The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the wireless communication system is single-carrier communication system. ### Claim 34 A computer program product tangibly embodied on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the computer program product comprising instructions operable to cause a computer to perform operations, comprising: coding and modulating a base stream to obtain a first data symbol stream, wherein the base stream is designated to be received by a plurality of receiving entities; coding and modulating an enhancement stream to obtain a second data symbol stream, wherein the enhancement stream is designated to be received by at least one receiving entity, and wherein the coding and modulating for the base and enhancement streams are not dependent on channel realizations of receiving entities for the base and enhancement streams; processing the first data symbol stream in accordance with a first spatial processing scheme to obtain a first plurality of symbol substreams; processing the second data symbol stream in accordance with a second spatial processing scheme to obtain a second plurality of symbol substreams, wherein the processing for the first and second data symbol streams is not dependent on the channel realizations of the receiving entities for the base and enhancement streams; and combining the first plurality of symbol substreams with the second plurality of symbol substreams to obtain a plurality of transmit symbol streams for transmission from a plurality of transmit antennas, wherein the combining utilizes a time division multiplexing scheme or a superposition scheme, comprising: scaling the first plurality of symbol substreams that are hierarchically coded with a first scaling factor to obtain a first plurality of scaled symbol substreams, scaling the second plurality of symbol substreams that are hierarchically coded with a second scaling factor to obtain a second plurality of scaled symbol substreams, and performing multiplexing or summing the first plurality of scaled symbol substreams and the second plurality of scaled symbol substreams to obtain the plurality of transmit symbol streams, wherein multiplexing is performed when the time division multiplexing is utilized and summing is performed when the superposition scheme is utilized. ### Claim 35 (depends on 34) The computer program product of claim 34, wherein the base stream and the enhancement stream are transmitted for a broadcast service. ### Claim 36 (depends on 35) The computer program product of claim 35, wherein the base stream is coded, modulated, and spatially processed for recovery by receiving entities achieving a first signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or better, and wherein the enhancement stream is coded, modulated, and spatially processed for recovery by receiving entities achieving a second SNR or better, where the second SNR is higher than the first SNR. ### Claim 37 (depends on 34) The computer program product of claim 34, wherein the first spatial processing scheme is a transmit diversity scheme or a spatial multiplexing scheme, and wherein the second spatial processing scheme is the transmit diversity scheme or the spatial multiplexing scheme. ### Claim 38 (depends on 34) The computer program product of claim 34, wherein each of the first and second spatial processing schemes is a transmit diversity scheme. ### Claim 39 (depends on 34) The computer program product of claim 34, wherein each of the first and second spatial processing schemes is a space-time transmit diversity (STTD) scheme. ### Claim 40 (depends on 34) The computer program product of claim 34, wherein the first spatial processing scheme is a transmit diversity scheme and the second spatial processing scheme is a spatial multiplexing scheme. ### Claim 41 (depends on 34) The computer program product of claim 34, wherein each of the first and second spatial processing schemes is a spatial multiplexing scheme. ### Claim 42 (depends on 34) The computer program product of claim 34, wherein the wireless communication system is a multi-carrier communication system. ### Claim 43 (depends on 42) The computer program product of claim 42, wherein the wireless communication system implements orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). ### Claim 44 (depends on 34) The computer program product of claim 34, wherein the wireless communication system is single-carrier communication system.