# US 8,542,508 B2 · Forward converter transformer saturation prevention

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- Number: US 8,542,508 B2
- Document ID: US8542508B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 13/666,790
- Filed: 2012-11-01
- Published: 2013-03-07
- Granted: 2013-09-24
- Earliest claimed: 2008-09-19
- Assignees: Power Integrations, Inc.
- Applicants: Robert J. Mayell
- Inventors: Robert J. Mayell
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8542508B2

## CPC

- H02M 1/40: Means for preventing magnetic saturation
- H02M 3/3353: {having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter}
- H02M 1/36: Means for starting or stopping converters
- H02M 3/1566: {with means for compensating against rapid load changes, e.g. with auxiliary current source, with dual mode control or with inductance variation}
- H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P)

## Abstract

A saturation prevention circuit includes a first controlled current source, a second controlled current source, an integrating capacitor, and a comparator. The first controlled current source generates a first current that is proportional to an input voltage that is to be applied to a winding of a transformer. The second controlled current source generates a second current that is proportional to a reset voltage that is to be applied to the winding. The capacitor is charged with the first current while the input voltage is applied to the winding of the transformer and discharged with the second current while the reset voltage is applied to the winding. The comparator compares a voltage on the integrating capacitor with a first threshold and generates a first signal to immediately turn off the switch when the voltage on the integrating capacitor reaches the first threshold to limit a magnetic flux in the transformer.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A saturation prevention circuit for use in a control circuit that produces a gate signal to turn a switch on and off to regulate an output of power converter in response to a feedback signal, the saturation prevention circuit comprising:
a first controlled current source coupled to receive a line voltage sense signal representative of an input voltage that is to be applied to a winding of a transformer included in the power converter, wherein the first controlled current source generates a first current that is directly proportional to the input voltage in response to the line voltage sense signal;
a second controlled current source coupled to receive a reset voltage sense signal representative of a reset voltage that is to be applied to the winding of the transformer, wherein the second controlled current source generates a second current that is directly proportional to the reset voltage in response to the reset voltage sense signal;
an integrating capacitor to be coupled to the first controlled current source to charge the integrating capacitor with the first current while the input voltage is applied to the winding of the transformer and to be coupled to the second controlled current source to discharge the integrating capacitor with the second current while the reset voltage is applied to the winding; and
a first comparator coupled to the integrating capacitor to compare a voltage on the integrating capacitor with a first threshold, wherein the first comparator generates a first signal to immediately turn off the switch when the voltage on the integrating capacitor reaches the first threshold to limit a magnetic flux in the transformer and to prevent saturation of the transformer.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The saturation prevention circuit of claim 1, further comprising a second comparator coupled to the integrating capacitor to compare the voltage on the integrating capacitor with a second threshold, wherein the second comparator generates a second signal to enable the control circuit to turn the switch on and off in response to the feedback signal when the voltage on the integrating capacitor has discharged to the second threshold.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The saturation prevention circuit of claim 2, wherein the control circuit turns off the switch in response to the first signal indicating that the voltage on the integrating capacitor reaches the first threshold and keeps the switch off until the second signal indicates that the voltage on the integrating capacitor has discharged to the second threshold.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The saturation prevention circuit of claim 2, wherein the second controlled current source is coupled to stop discharging the integrating capacitor in response to the second signal indicating that the voltage on the integrating capacitor has discharged to the second threshold.

### Claim 5 (depends on 2)

The saturation prevention circuit of claim 2, wherein the first threshold is greater than the second threshold.

### Claim 6 (depends on 2)

The saturation prevention circuit of claim 2, further comprising a latch coupled to be set in response to a maximum duty cycle signal, wherein, when set, the latch generates a third signal to limit a maximum duty cycle of the gate signal.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The saturation prevention circuit of claim 6, wherein the latch is coupled to be reset in response to the second signal indicating that the voltage on the integrating capacitor has discharged to the second threshold.