# US 8,542,072 B2 · Spin-valve or tunnel-junction radio-frequency oscillator, process for adjusting the frequency of such an oscillator and network consisting of a plurality of such oscillators > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,542,072 B2 - Document ID: US8542072B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 13/245,540 - Filed: 2011-09-26 - Published: 2012-03-29 - Granted: 2013-09-24 - Earliest claimed: 2009-04-09 - Assignees: Commissariat a l'Energie Automique et aux Energies Alternatives - Applicants: Bernard Dieny; Marie-Claire Cyrille; Ursula Ebels; Liliana Prejbeanu - Inventors: Bernard Dieny; Marie-Claire Cyrille; Ursula Ebels; Liliana Prejbeanu - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8542072B2 ## CPC - H03B 15/006: {using spin transfer effects or giant magnetoresistance} - H10N 50/10: Magnetoresistive devices - H03B: GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS (generators adapted for electrophonic musical instruments G10H; masers or lasers H01S; generation of oscillations in plasma H05H) - H10N: ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR ## Abstract A radio-frequency oscillator incorporates a magnetoresistive device within which an electron current is able to flow. The device includes a stack including: a magnetic trapped layer, the magnetization of which is of substantially fixed direction; a magnetic free layer; and a non-magnetic intermediate layer-interposed between the free layer and the trapped layer. The oscillator also includes a mechanism capable of making an electron current flow in the layers constituting the stack and in a direction perpendicular to the plane which contains the layers. At least the free layer is devoid of any material at its center. The electron current density flowing through the stack is capable of generating a magnetization in the free layer in a micromagnetic configuration in the shape of a skewed vortex flowing in the free layer around the center of the free layer. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A radio-frequency oscillator incorporating a magnetoresistive device within which an electron current is able to flow, said device comprising a stack of layers comprising: a magnetic trapped layer, a magnetization of which is of substantially fixed direction; a magnetic free layer; and a non-magnetic intermediate layer interposed between the free layer and the trapped layer; the oscillator also comprising means capable of making an electron current flow in said layers constituting said stack and in a direction perpendicular to a plane which contains said layers, wherein at least the free layer is devoid of any material at a center thereof; and, wherein the means capable of making an electron current flow generates a current flowing through the stack of said layers having a density capable of generating a magnetization in said free layer in a micromagnetic configuration in the shape of a skewed vortex flowing in said free layer around the center of said free layer. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The radio-frequency oscillator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the free layer is in the shape of a ring defined by an inner wall and an outer wall. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The radio-frequency oscillator as claimed in claim 2, wherein an internal diameter of the ring is between 50 and 200 nanometers, and wherein an external diameter of the ring is between 200 and 500 nanometers. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The radio-frequency oscillator as claimed in claim 1, wherein all the layers comprising the stack are in the form of a ring. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The radio-frequency oscillator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the free layer has an order n symmetry shape, n being a whole number higher than 1, resulting from a profile of at least one of an outer wall defining the free layer and an inner wall defining the free layer. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The radio-frequency oscillator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the trapped layer is ferromagnetic, and additionally functions as an analyzer for the electron current able to pass through the trapped layer. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The radio-frequency oscillator as claimed in claim 6, wherein the trapped layer is single, wherein the trapped layer is made of at least one of a cobalt-based alloy, an iron-based alloy and a nickel-based alloy, and wherein the trapped layer is trapped by an anti-ferromagnetic layer positioned at an interface of the trapped layer opposite an interface of the trapped layer with the intermediate layer. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The radio-frequency oscillator as claimed in claim 6, wherein the trapped layer comprises a synthetic anti-ferromagnetic material. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The radio-frequency oscillator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stack comprises a polarizer, decoupled from the free layer by a spacer made of a metallic or dielectric material. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The radio-frequency oscillator as claimed in claim 9, wherein the polarizer is constituted by a layer made of a cobalt or platinum or palladium alloy, a magnetization of which is directed perpendicular to the plane of the layers. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The radio-frequency oscillator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer is metallic in nature or is constituted by a tunnel barrier. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The radio-frequency oscillator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the free layer is doped with impurities selected from the Rare Earths. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) A process for adjusting the frequency of a radio-frequency oscillator produced in accordance with claim 1, comprising providing different free layers, each having a different distance separating a center of the free layer from an outer wall defining the free layer. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The process for adjusting the frequency of a radio-frequency oscillator as claimed in claim 13, wherein the process further comprises modulating the electron current density flowing though the stack. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The process for adjusting the frequency of a radio-frequency oscillator as claimed in claim 14, wherein the current density is between 10.1010 and 20.1010 A/m2. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) A network of radio-frequency oscillators comprising on one and the same substrate a set of radio-frequency oscillators as claimed in claim 1, wherein a distance separating a center of the free layer from an outer wall defining the free layer varies from one oscillator to another, in order to confer on said oscillators a different oscillation frequency. ### Claim 17 (depends on 7) The radio-frequency oscillator as claimed in claim 7, wherein the trapped layer is made of a material comprising cobalt. ### Claim 18 (depends on 9) The radio-frequency oscillator as claimed in claim 9, wherein the polarizer is constituted by an alternation of Co/Pt or Co/Pd or Co/Ni multi-layers, a magnetization of which is directed perpendicular to the plane of the layers.