# US 8,541,971 B2 · Driving system of permanent magnet synchronous motor > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,541,971 B2 - Document ID: US8541971B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 12/805,840 - Filed: 2010-08-20 - Published: 2011-03-03 - Granted: 2013-09-24 - Earliest claimed: 2009-08-28 - Assignees: Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co., Ltd. - Applicants: Toshifumi Sakai; Yoshitaka Iwaji; Kiyoshi Sakamoto; Yoshiyuki Taguchi; Daigo Kaneko - Inventors: Toshifumi Sakai; Yoshitaka Iwaji; Kiyoshi Sakamoto; Yoshiyuki Taguchi; Daigo Kaneko - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8541971B2 ## CPC - H02P 9/30: using semiconductor devices - H02M 7/53873: {with digital control} - H02P 6/18: without separate position detecting elements - H02P 9/009: {Circuit arrangements for detecting rotor position} - H02P 21/18: Estimation of position or speed - H02P: CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) ## Abstract When applying a high frequency voltage which alternates on positive and negative sides to a permanent magnet synchronous motor, a driving system of synchronous motor switches the applied voltage phase by 120 degrees successively and applies resultant voltages to three phases. A pulsating current generated by applying a high frequency voltage is detected at timing of elapse of a predetermined time Δt since an output voltage of at least one phase has changed from a state in which all output voltages of the three phases of a power converter are positive or negative. Current detection is conducted by using a DC resistor or a phase current sensor provided on a DC bus. A magnetic pole estimation unit calculates the rotor magnetic pole position of the permanent magnet synchronous motor on the basis of differences between positive side and negative side change quantities in three-phase currents obtained from detected current values. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A synchronous motor driving system including a synchronous motor, a PWM signal controller for conducting pulse width modulation on three-phase voltage command signals by using a carrier signal, and a power converter driven by a gate signal subjected to pulse width modulation, the synchronous motor driving system comprising: command voltage generation means for generating three-phase voltage command signals to apply a high frequency voltage to the synchronous motor; current detection means for detecting a current which flows through the synchronous motor when the high frequency voltage is applied to the synchronous motor; and magnetic pole position estimation means for estimating a magnetic pole position of the synchronous motor on the basis of a result of the current detection, the command voltage generation means generating the three-phase voltage command signals by conducting successive switching among a first applied voltage mode for applying a positive-negative alternating high frequency voltage having arbitrary voltage amplitude to an arbitrary phase θ, a second applied voltage mode for applying a high frequency voltage having similar amplitude to a phase shifted in electric angle from the phase θ by 120 degrees, and a third applied voltage mode for applying a high frequency voltage having similar amplitude to a phase shifted in electric angle from the phase θ by 240 degrees, the current detection means detecting positive side values and negative side values of a pulsating current generated by applying the high frequency voltage in the first, second and third applied voltage modes at a rate of one phase in each of the modes, and obtaining information of a positive side U-phase detected current value, a negative side U-phase detected current value, a positive side V-phase detected current value, a negative side V-phase detected current value, a positive side W-phase detected current value, and a negative side W-phase detected current value, and the magnetic pole position estimation means calculating an estimated magnetic pole position of the synchronous motor by using detected current values of respective phases of the positive side and detected current values of respective phases of the negative side. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The synchronous motor driving system according to claim 1, wherein the command voltage generation means regards a winding axis direction of an arbitrary phase in three-phase stator windings of the synchronous motor as a reference phase and regards the reference phase as the phase 8=0. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The synchronous motor driving system according to claim 1, wherein each of the three-phase voltage command signals generated by the command voltage generation means is formed by repeating a minimum pattern of applied voltage which has the carrier signal of the PWM signal controller corresponding to two periods as one unit, at least once. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The synchronous motor driving system according to claim 3, wherein the minimum pattern is formed by: keeping a voltage command of at least one phase among the three-phase voltage commands at a positive voltage over a half period of the carrier signal and keeping voltage commands of remaining phases at a negative voltage, inverting all polarities of the three-phase voltage commands over one subsequent period of the carrier signal, and inverting all polarities of the three-phase voltage commands again over a subsequent half period of the carrier signal. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The synchronous motor driving system according to claim 1, wherein prior to canceling an all-phase off state of the gate signal and applying a high frequency voltage, the command voltage generation means outputs special three-phase voltage commands to provide a time period during which all lower arm switch elements of the power converter are turned on. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The synchronous motor driving system according to claim 1, wherein when switching the applied voltage modes successively, the command voltage generation means provides a time period during which all of the three-phase voltage commands are set to zero and application of the high frequency voltage is suspended. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The synchronous motor driving system according to claim 1, further comprising averaging processing means for conducting averaging processing on current values detected at at least one point in each of the first, second and third applied voltage modes, every detection point in each mode, wherein an estimated magnetic pole position of the synchronous motor is calculated by using a detected current average value of the positive side at every phase and every detection point and a detected current average value of the negative side at every phase and every detection point. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The synchronous motor driving system according to claim 7, wherein the detected current average value is calculated by using detected current values obtained when a predetermined time has elapsed since application of the high frequency voltage is started in the first, second and third applied voltage modes. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The synchronous motor driving system according to claim 1, wherein the current detection means detects a DC bus current in the power converter. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The synchronous motor driving system according to claim 9, wherein the current detection means detects a DC bus current at timing of elapse of a predetermined time Δt since an output voltage of at least one phase has changed from a state in which all output voltages of the three phases of the power converter are positive or negative. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The synchronous motor driving system according to claim 9, wherein the current detection means detects a DC bus current at timing of elapse of a predetermined time Δt since an output voltage of at least one phase has changed from a state in which all output voltages of the three phases of the power converter are positive or negative and at timing of elapse of a predetermined time Kt×Δt (where Kt is a positive fixed value of 1 or less) since an output voltage of at least one phase has changed from a state in which all output voltages of the three phases of the power converter are positive or negative. ### Claim 12 (depends on 9) The synchronous motor driving system according to claim 9, wherein the current detection means detects a DC bus current in vicinity of timing of transition to a state in which all output voltages of the three phases of the power converter are positive or negative. ### Claim 13 (depends on 9) The synchronous motor driving system according to claim 9, wherein the current detection means detects a DC bus current in vicinity of timing of change of an output voltage of at least one phase from a state in which all output voltages of the three phases of the power converter are positive or negative and in vicinity of timing of transition to a state in which all output voltages of three phases of the power converter are positive or negative. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The synchronous motor driving system according to claim 1, wherein the current detection means detects phase currents of at least two phases. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The synchronous motor driving system according to claim 14, wherein the current detection means detects phase currents at timing of a wave crest or a wave bottom of the carrier signal in the PWM signal controller. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The synchronous motor driving system according to claim 14, wherein the current detection means detects phase currents at timing of a wave crest and a wave bottom of the carrier signal in the PWM signal controller. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The synchronous motor driving system according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic pole position estimation means finds a deviation quantity between a positive side detected current value and a negative side detected current value every phase, conducts coordinate transformation to two orthogonal axes on the obtained deviation quantities corresponding to the three phases, and calculates the estimated magnetic pole position of the synchronous motor from the quantities on the two orthogonal axes by using arctangent. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The synchronous motor driving system according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic pole position estimation means finds a positive side current change quantity and a negative side current change quantity from the detected current values every phase, finds a deviation quantity between the positive side current change quantity and the negative side current change quantity every phase, conducts coordinate transformation to two orthogonal axes on the obtained deviation quantities corresponding to the three phases, and calculates the estimated magnetic pole position of the synchronous motor from the quantities on the two orthogonal axes by using arctangent. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The synchronous motor driving system according to claim 1, further comprising: evaluation means for calculating a predetermined evaluated value on the basis of the magnetic pole position estimation result of the synchronous motor; and means for varying amplitude of a high frequency voltage supplied to the synchronous motor, wherein the amplitude of the high frequency voltage is increased or decreased for automatic adjustment on the basis of the evaluated value. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The synchronous motor driving system according to claim 19, wherein the evaluated value is obtained by conducting the initial position estimation a number of times which is at least twice, calculating a maximum value and a minimum value on the basis of results of the initial position estimation conducted the number of times, and setting the evaluated value equal to a deviation quantity between the maximum value and the minimum value.