# US 8,541,153 B2 · Toner for developing electrostatic image, developer for electrostatic image, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming method, and image forming apparatus > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,541,153 B2 - Document ID: US8541153B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 12/871,311 - Filed: 2010-08-30 - Published: 2011-07-14 - Granted: 2013-09-24 - Earliest claimed: 2010-01-12 - Assignees: Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. - Applicants: Yasuo Matsumura; Hirotaka Matsuoka; Hideo Maehata; Yuki Sasaki; Fumiaki Mera - Inventors: Yasuo Matsumura; Hirotaka Matsuoka; Hideo Maehata; Yuki Sasaki; Fumiaki Mera - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8541153B2 ## CPC - G03G 9/08797: {characterised by their physical properties, e.g. viscosity, solubility, melting temperature, softening temperature, glass transition temperature} - G03G 9/08788: {Block polymers} - G03G 9/08795: {characterised by their chemical properties, e.g. acidity, molecular weight, sensitivity to reactants} - G03G 9/09342: {Inorganic compounds} - G03G 9/09371: {obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds} - G03G 9/09392: {Preparation thereof} - G03G: ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY ## Abstract A toner for developing an electrostatic image contains at least one of an oxidation polymerizable monomer and a polymer having an ethylenically unsaturated group, and an oxidation polymerization catalyst in a form of a composite with inorganic particles, wherein a temperature T(10 Mpa) and a temperature T(1 Mpa) satisfies the following expression (1): 20° C.≦T(1 MPa)−T(10 MPa) (1) wherein, the temperature T(10 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 10 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s, and the temperature T(1 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 1 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A toner for developing an electrostatic image, comprising: a toner particle having at least one of an oxidation polymerizable monomer and a polymer having an ethylenically unsaturated group, and an outer additive containing an oxidation polymerization catalyst in a form of a composite with inorganic particles, wherein the oxidation polymerization catalyst includes an enzyme, wherein a temperature T(10 Mpa) and a temperature T(1 Mpa) satisfies the following expression (1): 20° C.≦T(1 MPa)−T(10 MPa) (1) wherein, the temperature T(10 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 10 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s, and the temperature T(1 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 1 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The toner for developing an electrostatic image according to claim 1, wherein the oxidation polymerization catalyst is included in at least one of an outer shell of the toner and a surface of the toner. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The toner for developing an electrostatic image according to claim 1, wherein a binder resin of the toner has a core/shell structure, and difference between a glass transition temperature of a resin constituting the core and a glass transition temperature of a resin constituting the shell is from approximately 20° C. to approximately 120° C. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The toner for developing an electrostatic image according to claim 1, wherein a binder resin of the toner includes a block copolymer. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The toner for developing an electrostatic image according to claim 1, wherein the oxidation polymerization catalyst further comprises an iron compound. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The toner for developing an electrostatic image according to claim 1, wherein the polymer having an ethylenically unsaturated group is a polyester. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The toner for developing an electrostatic image according to claim 1, wherein the oxidation polymerizable monomer is a drying oil having an ethylenically unsaturated group. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The toner for developing an electrostatic image according to claim 1, wherein a content of the oxidation polymerization catalyst in a form of a composite with inorganic particles is from approximately 0.001% to approximately 10.0% by weight based on the total weight of the toner. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The toner for developing an electrostatic image according to claim 1, wherein the oxidation polymerization catalyst in a form of a composite with inorganic particles has a volume average particle diameter of from approximately 0.001 μm to approximately 3.0 μm. ### Claim 10 (depends on 3) The toner for developing an electrostatic image according to claim 3, wherein a high glass transition temperature phase of the resin constituting the core and the resin constituting the shell has a glass transition temperature of from approximately 40° C. to approximately 80° C. ### Claim 11 (depends on 3) The toner for developing an electrostatic image according to claim 3, wherein the resin constituting the core has a weight average molecular weight of from approximately 3,000 to approximately 50,000. ### Claim 12 (depends on 3) The toner for developing an electrostatic image according to claim 3, wherein the binder resin having a core/shell structure has a median diameter of from approximately ½ to approximately 1/1,000 with respect to a volume average particle diameter of the toner. ### Claim 13 A developer for an electrostatic image, comprising a toner for developing an electrostatic image and a carrier, the toner comprising: a toner particle having at least one of an oxidation polymerizable monomer and a polymer having an ethylenically unsaturated group, and an outer additive containing an oxidation polymerization catalyst in a form of a composite with inorganic particles, wherein the oxidation polymerization catalyst includes an enzyme, wherein a temperature T(10 Mpa) and a temperature T(1 Mpa) satisfies the following expression (1): 20° C.≦T(1 MPa)−T(10 MPa) (1) wherein, the temperature T(10 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 10 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s, and the temperature T(1 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 1 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s. ### Claim 14 A toner cartridge comprising the toner for developing an electrostatic image, the toner comprising: a toner particle having at least one of an oxidation polymerizable monomer and a polymer having an ethylenically unsaturated group, and an outer additive containing an oxidation polymerization catalyst in a form of a composite with inorganic particles, wherein the oxidation polymerization catalyst includes an enzyme, wherein a temperature T(10 Mpa) and a temperature T(1 Mpa) satisfies the following expression (1): 20° C.≦T(1 MPa)−T(10 MPa) (1) wherein, the temperature T(10 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 10 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s, and the temperature T(1 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 1 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s. ### Claim 15 A process cartridge detachably attachable to an image forming apparatus, comprising the developer, and comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of a developing unit that develops an electrostatic latent image formed on a surface of an image holding member with the toner for developing an electrostatic image or the developer for an electrostatic image, thereby forming a toner image, a charging unit that charges the image holding member and the surface of the image holding member, and a cleaning unit that removes the toner remaining on the surface of the image holding member, wherein the developer comprises a toner for developing an electrostatic image and a carrier, the toner comprising: a toner particle having at least one of an oxidation polymerizable monomer and a polymer having an ethylenically unsaturated group, and an outer additive containing an oxidation polymerization catalyst in a form of a composite with inorganic particles, wherein the oxidation polymerization catalyst includes an enzyme, wherein a temperature T(10 Mpa) and a temperature T(1 Mpa) satisfies the following expression (1): 20° C.≦T(1 MPa)−T(10 MPa) (1) wherein, the temperature T(10 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 10 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s, and the temperature T(1 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 1 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s. ### Claim 16 An image forming apparatus comprising: an image holding member; a charging unit that charges the image holding member; an exposing unit that exposes the charged image holding member, thereby forming an electrostatic latent image on the image holding member; a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image with a developer, thereby forming a toner image; a transferring unit that transfers the toner image from the image holding member to a transfer material; and a fixing unit that fixes the toner image, the developer being the developer for an electrostatic image, wherein the developer comprises a toner for developing an electrostatic image and a carrier, the toner comprising: a toner particle having at least one of an oxidation polymerizable monomer and a polymer having an ethylenically unsaturated group, and an outer additive containing an oxidation polymerization catalyst in a form of a composite with inorganic particles, wherein the oxidation polymerization catalyst includes an enzyme, wherein a temperature T(10 Mpa) and a temperature T(1 Mpa) satisfies the following expression (1): 20° C.≦T(1 MPa)−T(10 MPa) (1) wherein, the temperature T(10 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 10 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s, and the temperature T(1 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 1 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s. ### Claim 17 An image forming method comprising: charging an image holding member; forming an electrostatic latent image on a surface of the image holding member; developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image holding member, with a developer for an electrostatic image, thereby forming a toner image; transferring the toner image formed on the surface of the image holding member, to a surface of a transfer material; and fixing the toner image, the developer comprises a toner for developing an electrostatic image and a carrier, the toner comprising: a toner particle having at least one of an oxidation polymerizable monomer and a polymer having an ethylenically unsaturated group, and an outer additive containing an oxidation polymerization catalyst in a form of a composite with inorganic particles, wherein the oxidation polymerization catalyst includes an enzyme, wherein a temperature T(10 Mpa) and a temperature T(1 Mpa) satisfies the following expression (1): 20° C.≦T(1 MPa)−T(10 MPa) (1) wherein, the temperature T(10 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 10 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s, and the temperature T(1 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 1 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s.