# US 8,541,133 B2 · Electrochemical device with a magnesium anode and a stable, safe electrolyte compatible with sulfur

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- Number: US 8,541,133 B2
- Document ID: US8541133B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 12/913,253
- Filed: 2010-10-27
- Published: 2012-05-03
- Granted: 2013-09-24
- Earliest claimed: 2010-10-27
- Assignees: Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc.
- Applicants: John Muldoon; Hee Soo Kim; Masaki Matsui Matsui
- Inventors: John Muldoon; Hee Soo Kim; Masaki Matsui Matsui
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8541133B2

## CPC

- H01M 10/054: Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
- H01M 10/0568: characterised by the solutes
- H01M 10/0569: characterised by the solvents
- H01M 2300/0017: Non-aqueous electrolytes
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

An electrochemical device, having an anode containing magnesium; a cathode stable to a voltage of at least 3.2 V relative to a magnesium reference; and an electrolyte containing a solvent and a LiCl complex of a magnesium halide salt of a sterically hindered secondary amine is provided. In a preferred embodiment the electrolyte contains tetrahydrofuran and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-magnesium chloride-lithium chloride complex.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An electrochemical cell, comprising:
an anode comprising magnesium as an active component;
a cathode; and
an electrolyte;
wherein
the electrolyte comprises a solvent and a LiCl complex of a magnesium halide salt of a sterically hindered secondary amine, the salt having a direct association of the magnesium of the halide salt with the nitrogen of the sterically hindered secondary amine.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The electrochemical cell according to claim 1, wherein the sterically hindered secondary amine is a substituted cyclic secondary amine comprising 5 to 7 ring atoms.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The electrochemical cell according to claim 2, wherein the cyclic secondary amine is tetra-substituted in the ring positions immediately adjacent to the secondary amine nitrogen.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The electrochemical cell according to claim 1, wherein the halide of the magnesium halide salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The electrochemical cell according to claim 4, wherein the halide is Cl.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The electrochemical cell according to claim 5, wherein the solvent is tetrahydrofuran.

### Claim 7 (depends on 2)

The electrochemical cell according to claim 2, wherein the sterically hindered cyclic secondary amine is at least one selected from the group consisting of a tetrahydropyrrole, a piperidine, a hexamethyleneimine and a piperazine.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The electrochemical cell according to claim 7, wherein the sterically hindered cyclic secondary amine is a 2,2,6,6-tetra-alkylpiperidine, having alkyl groups of 1-6 carbon atoms.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The electrochemical cell according to claim 8, wherein the 2,2,6,6-tetra-alkylpiperidine is 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The electrochemical cell according to claim 1, wherein the LiCl complex of a magnesium halide salt of a sterically hindered secondary amine is 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-magnesium chloride-lithium chloride complex.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The electrochemical cell according to claim 1, wherein the solvent comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of an acetal, a ketal, a sulfone, an acyclic ether, a cyclic ether, a glyme, a polyether and a dioxolane.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The electrochemical cell according to claim 11, wherein the solvent comprises a cyclic ether.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The electrochemical cell according to claim 12, wherein the cyclic ether is tetrahydrofuran.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The electrochemical cell according to claim 1, wherein the cathode is stable to a voltage of at least 3.2 V relative to a magnesium reference.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The electrochemical cell according to claim 14, wherein the cathode stable to a voltage of at least 3.2 V relative to a magnesium reference comprises elemental sulfur.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

A battery comprising the electrochemical cell according to claim 1.

### Claim 17 (depends on 10)

A battery comprising the electrochemical cell according to claim 10.

### Claim 18

A battery, comprising:
an anode comprising magnesium as an active component;
a cathode stable to a voltage of at least 3.2 V relative to a magnesium reference; and
an electrolyte;
wherein
the electrolyte comprises a solvent and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-magnesium chloride-lithium chloride complex.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The battery according to claim 18, wherein the cathode stable to a voltage of at least 3.2 V relative to a magnesium reference comprises elemental sulfur.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The battery according to claim 19, wherein the solvent is tetrahydrofuran.