# US 8,541,067 B2 · Method of laser treating ti-6AI-4V to form surface compounds > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,541,067 B2 - Document ID: US8541067B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 12/898,434 - Filed: 2010-10-05 - Published: 2012-04-05 - Granted: 2013-09-24 - Earliest claimed: 2010-10-05 - Assignees: King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals - Applicants: Bekir Sami Yilbas; Syed Sohail Akhtar; Cihan Karatas; Abdul Aleem Bangalore Jabbar - Inventors: Bekir Sami Yilbas; Syed Sohail Akhtar; Cihan Karatas; Abdul Aleem Bangalore Jabbar - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8541067B2 ## CPC - C23C 8/02: Pretreatment of the material to be coated (C23C8/04 takes precedence) - C23C 26/00: Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 - C23C: COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL (making metal-coated products by extrusion B21C23/22; covering with metal by connecting pre-existing layers to articles, see the relevant places, e.g. B21D39/00, B23K; metallising of glass C03C; metallising mortars, concrete, artificial stone, ceramics or natural stone C04B41/00; enamelling of, or applying a vitreous layer to, metals C23D; treating metal surfaces or coating of metals by electrolysis or electrophoresis C25D; single-crystal film growth C30B; by metallising textiles D06M11/83; decorating textiles by locally metallising D06Q1/04) ## Abstract The method of laser treating Ti-6Al-4V to form surface compounds is a method of forming barrier layers on surfaces of Ti-6Al-4V workpieces. The Ti-6Al-4V workpiece is first cleaned and then a water-soluble phenolic resin is applied to at least one surface of the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece. The Ti-6Al-4V workpiece and the layer(s) of water soluble phenolic resin are then heated to carbonize the phenolic resin, thus forming a carbon film on the at least one surface. TiC particles are then inserted into the carbon film. Following the insertion of the TiC particles, a laser beam is scanned over the at least one surface of the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece. A stream of nitrogen gas is sprayed on the surface of the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece coaxially and simultaneously with the laser beam at a relatively high pressure, thus forming a barrier layer of TiCxN1-x, TiNx, Ti—C, and Ti2N compounds in the surface region. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of laser treating Ti-6Al-4V to form surface compounds, comprising the steps of: cleaning a Ti-6Al-4V workpiece; applying a water-soluble phenolic resin to at least one surface of the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece; heating the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece to carbonize the water soluble phenolic resin in order to form a carbon film on the at least one surface; inserting TiC particles into the carbon film; scanning a laser beam over the at least one surface of the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece; and spraying a stream of nitrogen gas on the surface of the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece coaxially and simultaneously with the laser beam to form a barrier layer thereon. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of laser treating Ti-6Al-4V to form surface compounds as recited in claim 1, wherein said step of cleaning the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece comprises applying a chemical cleaning bath to the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of laser treating Ti-6Al-4V to form surface compounds as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of heating the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece to carbonize the water soluble phenolic resin to form the carbon film on the at least one surface further includes the step of maintaining an ambient pressure of argon at approximately 8 bars. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method of laser treating Ti-6Al-4V to form surface compounds as recited in claim 3, wherein the step of heating the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece to carbonize the water soluble phenolic resin to form the carbon film on the at least one surface further includes heating at a temperature of approximately 175° C. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of laser treating Ti-6Al-4V to form surface compounds as recited in claim 4, wherein the step of heating the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece to carbonize the water soluble phenolic resin to form the carbon film on the at least one surface further includes heating for a period of approximately two hours. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The method of laser treating Ti-6Al-4V to form surface compounds as recited in claim 4, wherein the step of heating the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece to carbonize the water soluble phenolic resin further includes the step of heating of the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece until the density thereof is approximately 1.44 g/cm3. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of laser treating Ti-6Al-4V to form surface compounds as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of inserting TiC particles into the carbon film further comprises inserting TiC particles having an average particle size of approximately 6 μm. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The method of laser treating Ti-6Al-4V to form surface compounds as recited in claim 7, wherein the step of inserting TiC particles into the carbon film further comprises inserting TiC particles so that a volume fraction of the TiC particles inserted into the carbon film is approximately 20%. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of laser treating Ti-6Al-4V to form surface compounds as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of scanning the laser beam over the surface of the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece comprises scanning the laser beam at a rate of approximately 10 cm/sec. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method of laser treating Ti-6Al-4V to form surface compounds as recited in claim 9, further comprising the step of generating the laser beam with a carbon dioxide laser. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of laser treating Ti-6Al-4V to form surface compounds as recited in claim 10, wherein said step of generating the laser beam with the carbon dioxide laser comprises generating the laser beam with a power intensity of approximately 110 W/m2. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The method of laser treating Ti-6Al-4V to form surface compounds as recited in claim 11, wherein said step of spraying the stream of nitrogen gas on the surface of the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece coaxially and simultaneously with the laser beam comprises spraying pressurized nitrogen gas having a pressure of approximately 600 kPa. ### Claim 13 A method of laser treating Ti-6Al-4V to form surface compounds, comprising the steps of: applying a chemical cleaning bath to a Ti-6Al-4V workpiece; ultrasonically cleaning the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece; applying a water-soluble phenolic resin to at least one surface of the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece; heating the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece to carbonize the water soluble phenolic resin in order to form a carbon film on the at least one surface; inserting TiC particles into the carbon film; scanning a laser beam over the at least one surface of the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece; and spraying a stream of nitrogen gas on the surface of the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece coaxially and simultaneously with the laser beam to form a barrier layer thereon. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method of laser treating Ti-6Al-4V to form surface compounds as recited in claim 13, wherein the step of heating the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece to carbonize the water soluble phenolic resin to form the carbon film on the at least one surface further includes the step of maintaining an ambient pressure of argon at approximately 8 bars. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The method of laser treating Ti-6Al-4V to form surface compounds as recited in claim 14, wherein the step of heating the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece to carbonize the water soluble phenolic resin to form the carbon film on the at least one surface further comprises heating the workpiece at a temperature of approximately 175° C. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method of laser treating Ti-6Al-4V to form surface compounds as recited in claim 15, wherein the step of heating the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece to carbonize the water soluble phenolic resin to form the carbon film on the at least one surface further comprises heating the workpiece for a period of approximately two hours. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The method of laser treating Ti-6Al-4V to form surface compounds as recited in claim 15, wherein the step of heating the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece to carbonize the water soluble phenolic resin to form the carbon film on the at least one surface further includes the step of heating the Ti-6Al-4V workpiece until the density thereof is approximately 1.44 g/cm3. ### Claim 18 (depends on 13) The method of laser treating Ti-6Al-4V to form surface compounds as recited in claim 13, wherein the step of inserting TiC particles into the carbon film further comprises inserting TiC particles having an average particle size of approximately 6 μm. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The method of laser treating Ti-6Al-4V to form surface compounds as recited in claim 18, wherein the step of inserting TiC particles into the carbon film further comprises inserting the TiC particles so that a volume fraction of the TiC particles inserted into the carbon film is approximately 20%.